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英语中冠词的用法以及练习题

2024-01-03 来源:榕意旅游网


英语冠词的用法

一、冠词的基本概念

冠词,是用来表示名词特性的一种词,它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还是特定的一个等。也就是说,冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。如果用了a /an /the,不管后面是什么词,都变成了名词。所以,冠词就是放在名词前面的一种词。

使用冠词有三种基本情况: 1、用a / an

a / an 用在单数可数名词前面,表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个,相当于中文的“一个”。注意:可数的单数名词前,必须要用a / an 或the. 我们不能说 boy, desk, dog,而必须说 a boy / the boy.

a 用在读音为辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 用在读音为元音开头的名词之前。注意:这里指的是“读音”,而不仅仅指字母。例如:

a university 一所大学 (虽然u 是元音字母,但不读元音。) an hour 一个小时 (虽然h 不是元音,但单词读音是元音开头)

另外,a / an 也可用在不可数名词前面,这时,这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词,意义上也有变化。例如:

glass 玻璃, a glass 一只玻璃杯 / wood 木头, a wood 一片树林 power威力, a power大国 / beauty 美丽, a beauty美人, 美的事物 2、用the

the 相当于this/that 或these / those,总的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最广,不管是可数还是不可数,不管是单数还是复数,都可以用the. 具体用法见下面的讲解。

3、不用冠词

有的时候,名词前面不用任何冠词,没有a / an / the. 有的书上称为零冠词。不可数名词前可以不用冠词,可数的复数名词也可以不用,还有一些习惯用法上不需要用。

下面,详细讲一个冠词的用法。 二、不定冠词的用法:

1、表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个, 通常在第一次提到某人或某物时用a / an,以表示与其他事物的区别。

I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。 I am reading an interesting story. 我在读一本有趣的故事书。 I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。

There is a tree in front of my house. 我的屋前有一棵树。 2、用其中的任何一个,代表他们所属种类的特性。 A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。 A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。

A steel worker makes steel. 炼钢工人炼钢。

3、用在事物的度量单位前, 如时间、 速度、 价格等, 表示 \"每一个\"。

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We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。 I went to the library once a week at least. 我一星期至少去一次图书馆。 The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。 4、用来泛指某人、某物或地方。

A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。 I got this tool in a shop. 我在商店买的这件工具。 We need a car now. 我们现在需要一辆车。

She is ill, she has to see a doctor. 她病了,她得去看病。

5、用于某些特定的词组。 例如:a few 几个, a little 有点,等等。 She has a few friends in this city. 她在这个城市中有几个朋友。 There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有点牛奶。

Only a few students are in the classroom. 只有几个学生在教室里。 三、定冠词的用法

1、定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

The bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。 Is this the book you are looking for? 这是你要找的书吗? Do you know the man in back? 你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗? It is not the car we are looking for. 这不是我们要找的车。 The man has found his child. 那个人找到了他的孩子。

2、如果第一次提到某人或事物的时候,用a / an,那么以后再提到的话,就变成特指的人或事物了。

I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。

I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight o'clock. 我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。

Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio. 露西昨天买了一台收音机,但是她发现收音机有问题。

3、定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。这些事物当然是特指的事物,不可能有两个以上。

the sun the moon the earth the sky the world the winter night

The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。 I can see a bird in the sky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。

I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening. 我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。

4、定冠词与单数名词连用, 也可以表示这一类人或事物。 The dog is not too danger. 狗不太危险。 The cat is an animal. 猫是一种动物。

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The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season. 这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。 5、定冠词与形容词连用, 可表示某一类人或事物。这可看作是省略了名词的用法。 The wounded were brought to the hospital. 受伤者被送到了医院。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。

The deaf can go to this special school. 耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。 注意:the 用在姓名复数之前, 表示一家人。 The Greens is very kind to us. 格林一家人待我们很好。 The Whites like the classic music. 怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。 6、其它需要用the 的情况

来源:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b5c43070100db8t.html

语法: 零冠词

一、概念

冠词是一个虚词,本身无词义,也不能单独使用,它用在名词之前,限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类。 二、零冠词的用法:(Zero Article)

1. “人名、地名、国名”等专有名词前通常不用冠词:

1). Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng 2). Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris 3). England; China; Germany; South Africa 但如后有定语修饰表特指,需加定冠词:

1). He is not longer the Brown we knew ten years ago. 他不是我们十年前认识的那个布朗。

2). The Beijing of today is different from what it was. 今天的北京不同与从前的北京了。 2. “街名、广场名、公园名、大学名”等专有名词前通常不用冠词:

1). Wang Fu Jing Street 王府井大街; Naking Road 南京路 2). Tian An Men Square 天安门广场

3). Pei Hai Park 北海公园; Hyde Park海德公园

4). Beijing University 北京大学; Zhejiang University 浙江大学 但也可说:the University of Beijing; the University of Zhejiang

3. 正职或表示独一无二的官衔,职位,称号”的专有名词作表语、补语、介词的宾语或同位语时,前一般不加冠词:

The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1864. In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States. We made him head of our class.

但这个名词后有短语“of”时,有时也可加“the”: He is (the) captain of the basketball team. 他是篮球队的队长。 He is chairman of the Students’ Union. 他是学生会主席。

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They elected him president of the U.S. 他们选他当美国总统。 如不是独一的要加不定冠词:

She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英语教师。 4. “个体名词复数”表泛指一类人或事物时不用冠词:

1). My mother and father are school teachers. 我母亲和父亲都是教师。 2). Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物。 5. “抽象名词、物质名词”表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词:

1). Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 2). Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。 3). He is fond of music. 他喜欢音乐。 但如后有定语修饰表特指,需加定冠词:

1). The news that you heard is true. 你听到的消息是真的。 2). The water in this well is fit to drink. 这口井里的水能喝。 3). The music of the film is very beautiful. 这部影片的音乐很动听。 6. “节日、季节”等名词前不用冠词:

1). New Year's Day 新年,元旦; Women’s Day 妇女节; Labour Day 劳动节; Children's Day 儿童节; April Fools’Day 愚人节; National Day 国庆节; Thanksgiving Day falls on the 4th Thursday in November. 感恩节在每年十一月的第四个星期四。

Christmas Day 圣诞节; 但我国的节日前用定冠词:

the Spring Festival 春节; the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节 2). in spring (summer, autumn, winter)

Winter has come, is spring still far away? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗? 但如后有定语修饰表特指,需加定冠词: in the spring of 1945 一九四五年的春季 7. “年份、月份、星期、日期”等名词前不用冠词:

in 1988; in August; on Thursday; on August 8th

We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 8. “一日三餐”等名词前不用冠词:

have breakfast (lunch, supper) I have breakfast at 7 every day.

但如前面有形容词修饰,需用不定冠词;后面有定语修饰,需用定冠词: He had a big breakfast today. 他今天吃了顿丰盛的早餐。 The breakfast he had today was good. 他今天吃的早餐不错。 9. 球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不用冠词:

1). play football (basketball; volleyball; tennis; tennis ball) 2). play chess

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10. 当“bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship, plane”等与“by”连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词:

by bus,by train;

He goes to work by bike. 他骑车去上班。

Did you come back by plane or by train? 你坐飞机还是坐火车回来的?

“by water, by land, by sea, by air”以及“on foot, on horseback”也属同种情况: She said they would go there by air. 她说他们将坐飞机去那儿。

Two men on horseback —— nothing else. 有两个人在马背上,别的一无所有。 但当这些名词特指某一交通工具时,则要与冠词连用: The assistant went on a bike. 助手骑一辆自行车出去了。 After the school the girl returned home on the 9:30 train. 放学后,这女孩坐9:30的火车回家去。 11. 序数词作副词时,前不用冠词:

He came first in the race. Work must come first.

12. 一些固定词组中:go to bed, go to school, by bus, at night 三、在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别: 1. in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范围内的前部

2. 有些个体名词“school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court”等词表“深层含义”不用冠词:

go to hospital 去医院看病

go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里 3. 当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词:

I can’t write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。 He looked at me from head to foot, as if he didn’t know me at all. 他从头到脚打量我,好像根本不认识我似的。 They are father and son, both of whom are good at acting. 他们俩是父子,都擅长表演。

Della searched shop after shop for a Christmas gift that was worthy of her husband. 德拉走了一家又一家商店,寻找一件配得上她丈夫的圣诞礼物。 4. 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。

He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。

He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。

冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。

I. 不定冠词的用法: 1

指一类人或事,相当于a kind 5

A plane is a machine that can fly.

of 2 3 4 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 表示“每一”相当于every,one 表示“相同”相当于the same A boy is waiting for you. We study eight hours a day. We are nearly of an age. A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time This room is rather a big one. She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 用于人名前,表示不认识此人5 或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 6 用于固定词组中 用于quite, rather, many, half, 7 what, such之后 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词8 之后 II. 定冠词的用法: 1 2 表示某一类人或物 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 The horse is a useful animal. the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean Would you mind opening the door? play the violin, play the guitar the reach, the living, the wounded the Greens, the Wangs He is the taller of the two children. 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到3 过的人或事 4 5 6 用于乐器前面 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最7 高级前 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川the United States, the Communist Party of 8 群岛的名词前 China, the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China. in the 1990’s I hired the car by the hour. He patted me on the shoulder. 1在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某0 个年代 11 12 用于表示单位的名词前 用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前 III. 零冠词的用法: 专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人1名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, I want this book, not that one. / Whose 2each, every等限制 purse is this? 季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三3餐前

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March, Sunday, National Day, spring

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表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 表示泛指的复数名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. He likes playing football/chess. by train, by air, by land husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night Horses are useful animals. 填空

There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall. 2.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour. 3. _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse.

4. _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day. 5.Let's go out for _______ walk.

6.It's too hot.Open _______ door,please.

7.There is _______ woman over there. _______ woman is Meimei's mother. 8. _______ sun rises in _______ east.

9. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China. 10.Are you going to do it _______ second time? 11.Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA.

12. _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street. 13.He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995.

14. _______ old man is _______ teacher.He likes playing _______ basketball after _______ supper.

15.After I had _______ quick breakfast,I hurried to school.

16.Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and _______ meat?

17.They went to _______ People's Park,but we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday.

18.I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening.

19. _______ day of _______ December 20,1999 is Monday. 20.Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today.

21.I think _______ maths is more important than any other subject. 22.He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike.

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23.What does this _______ word mean, _______ Father? 24.What _______ important news! 选择填空

1.—Does Jim have _______ ruler? —Yes,he has _______ .

A.an;some B.a;one C.a;/ D.any;one 2.There is _______ old bike. _______ old bike is Mr Zhao's. A.an ;The B.the;An C.a;The D.the;The 3. _______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay. A.The B.A C.An D.Two 4.—How many books do you have?

—I have _______ book.That's _______ English book. A.a;an B.a;one C.one;an D.one;one 5.At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby. A.a B.an C.the D./ 6. _______ tiger is _______ China.

A.The;a B.A;the C.The;from D.The;the 7.We can't see _______ sun at _______ night. A.the;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;/ 8. _______ useful book it is!

A.What an B.How a C.What a D.What

9.One afternoon he found _______ handbag.There was _______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag.

A.a;an;the B.a;a;the C.an;an;an D.the;a;a

10. _______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting. A.An;an;a B.The;/;an C.The;/;a D.The;/;the 11. _______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world. A.A;a B.The;the C.A;the D.The;a 12. _______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River. A.The;a B.A;/ C.A;the D.An;the

13. _______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school. A.A;an B.The;a C.The;the D.A;the

14.He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer. A.a;a B.a;the C./;a D.a;/

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15.They made him _______ king. A.a B.the C.an D./

16.His father is _______ English teacher.He works in our school. A.a B.an C.the D./ 17.Is he _______ American boy ? A.an B.a C.one D./

18.Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school? A./;/ B./;the C.the;/ D.a;/ 19.They passed our school _______ day before yesterday. A.an B.one C.a D.the

20.Australia is _______ English-speaking country. A.a B.an C.the D./

21.She has _______ orange skirt. _______ skirt is nice. A.a;The B.an;The C.an;A D.the;The 22.This is _______ apple.It's _______ big apple. A.an;a B.a;the C.a;an D.an;the 23.Look at _______ horse over there. A.a B.an C.the D./

24.Don't play _______ basketball here.It's dangerous. A.a B.an C./ D.the 25.There is _______ old woman in the car. A./ B.the C.a D.an

26.Beijing is _______ beautiful city.It's _______ capital of China. A.a;a B.the;the C./;the D.a;the 27.Shanghai is in _______ east of China. A./ B.an C.a D.the

28.I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years. A.a B.an C.the D./

29.Bill is _______ English teacher.He likes playing _______ football. A.a;the B.an;the C.a;/ D.an;/

30.The museum is quite far.It will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus.

A.an;/ B.an;a C.a;/ D./;/

I.1.a;an;the 2.a;an。第一个空的a是泛指,第二个空的an是指“一小时”。

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3.An;a。这两个空都是泛指,故都用不定冠词。 4.The;the;a。前两个空都是特指,故填the;后一个空中的a相当于every或each,three times a day意为“一天三次”。 5.a。go out for a walk意为“出去散步”。 6.the 7.a;The。前者泛指,后者特指。 8.The;the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体;第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 9.The;the,×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词;第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词;第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。 10.a。a second time意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the second time意为“第二次”。此句填a是表示动作的重复,而不能用the(表顺序)。 11.the;the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 12.The。“the +姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 13.the;×。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。 14.The a;×;×。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。 15.a。三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加冠词,此处是泛指,故用a。 16.×;×;×;×。此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗?”前两个空也可填定冠词,意为:“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗?” 17.the;the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 18.×;the。TV前不加冠词。“早、午、晚”名词前加冠词。 19.The;×;×。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。 20×;a21.×。学科名称前一般不加冠词。 22.×;×。go to school上学。by bike骑自行车。 23.×;×。指示代词不能与定冠词连用。 24×。注意news是不可数名词,故不能加a。 II.

1.B。第一空是泛指;第二空的one是不定代词,用以替代前面的ruler。 2.A 3.C。这是一句谚语,意思是“一天吃一个苹果,用不着看医生。”

4.C。one强调数量,用以回答“Howmany...?”问句;第二个空是泛指,故用an。 5.A。one虽以元音字母开头,但以辅音音素[w]开头,故填a。 6.C。此句意为:“这只老虎来自中国。”

7.B。在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词the;at night“在夜晚”,注意该短语中没有冠词。

8C 9.A。“s”虽为辅音字母,但却以元音音素[e]开头,故填an。

10.D。第一个空填the,是特指那个“白发老太太”;第二个空不填冠词,是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English后面如有language,就得说the English language。“在会议上”应为at the meeting。 11.B。the Great Wall长城。 12.C。第一个空是泛指,用a;第二个空是河流名称,故用the。 13.B。第一个空:“那边的那个妇女”,是特指;第二个空是指那个妇女的身份、职业,是泛指。 14.D。第一个空是泛指;第二个空用“零冠词”是因为turn后面的名词前一般都不加冠词。 15.D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”。 16.B 17.A 18.A。after school放学以后。 19.D。the day before yesterday前天。

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20.B 21.B。第一空泛指,第二空特指。 22.A。两个空都是泛指。 23.C 24.C 25.D

26.D

27.D。in the east of在某地区(内)的东部。

28.A。two and a half years也可说成two years and a half,意思都是“两年半”。 29D

30A。half an hour半小时,by bus乘公共汽车。

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