英语国家概况复习题及参考答案

《英语国家概况》复习题及参考答案 一Multiple choice ( 30’)

( ) 1 As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ___ in England.

A grain B farm tools C houses D labor

( ) 2 In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’s Progress and _________ .

A the Jew of Malta B the School of Archery C Novum Organum D Paradise Lost

( ) 3. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London Working Men’s Association.

A householders B tenants

C small shopkeepers D office workers

( ) 4. In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in the industry of ______.

A. pottery B hardware C textiles D chemicals

( ) 5. In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike.

A a choir

B a political party C a trade union

D a club

( ) 6 The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________. A People’s Charter B Magna Carta C King’s Charter

D the Declaration of human rights

( ) 7 Henry Ⅱwas the first king of the ________ dynasty. A Malcolm B Plantagenet C Windsor D Tudor

( ) 8. __________ is the most typically English of sports A Cricket B Golf C Tennis D Horse-racing

( ) 9. By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain.

A Nanjing, Hong Kong B Tianjing, Hong Kong C Nanjing, Macau D Tianjing, Macau

( ) 10. In _______, the name Great Britain came into being. A 1689 B 1702 C 1701 D 1707

( ) 11. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___.

A the farm failure

B the bank failures C the stock market crash D the high unemployment

( ) 12．What are the problems that the U.S. economy has faced from time to time?

A Inflation B Depressions C Recessions D all of the above

( ) 13．The real American literature began________. A after the war of Independence B after the Westward Movement C after the Civil War

D after the Civil Rights Movement

( ) 14. In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____ .

A coal B electricity C oil D wheat

( ) 15. In the United States, if the parents don’t send their children to school at certain age, ________ .

A the state government will be responsible for it B they will educate the children themselves C they can save a lot of money D they are breaking the law

( ) 16. The U.S. and China established their diplomatic relations in _____.

A 1974 B 1972

C 1978 D 1979

( ) 17 In his inaugural speech, ______ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

A Woodrow Wilson B Theodore Roosevelt C Franklin D. Roosevelt D George Washington

( ) 18. One of the characteristics of the American people is _______ and it is said they are always ______.

A liberty, debating

B aggressiveness, starting wars C mobility, on the move D greediness, making money

( ) 19. Hemingway’s most famous masterpiece was ______. A The Sun Also Rises B A Farewell to Arms C For Whom the Bell Tolls D Old Man and the Sea

( ) 20. The system of higher education in the U. S. has three principle functions except ____-.

A teaching B research C public service D individual service

following statements are T (true) or F (false) according to what you have learned. (10’)

( ) 1 There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: Scotland, Wales and England.

( ) 2 Under William’s rule, the freeman were at the bottom

of the feudal system.

( ) 3 The English Civil War is also called the Glorious Revolution.

( ) 4 In U.K, a Parliament has a maximum duration of 4 years. ( ) 5 Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and is the greatest of Christian festivals. ( ) 6 Chicago is known as the automobile capital of the world.

( ) 7 Between 1850 and1880, many early Chinese immigrants to the United States worked in the mining industry, especially in the gold mines.

( ) 8 The Pilgrims built a colony named Plymouth after they arrived in America.

( ) 9. The longest war that the United States has fought is the Civil War.

( ) 10. Higher education in the U.S consists of six types of institutions.

三Fill in the following blanks: (10’)

1 In 1066, England was conquered by the _____________ who were led by William the Conqueror.

2 The greatest writer in the English language is ____________________ .

3 In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the ________ while sentence is to be passed by the _______________ .

4 The dominant broadcasting corporation in Britain is ____________, which is controlled by the state.

5 The most famous leader of the American Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was ______________________.

6 The U.S. system of government has two layers of rule. They are the ___________ government and the ______ government.

7. The National Day of the United States is ______.

8 Between 1946 and 1961, more than 63 million babies were born in the United States, who were known as the ______________ generation.

四Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. (30’)

1 What is the official name of Britain?

2 What were the main causes of the Hundred Years’War? 3 What are the primary sources of British law?

4 How was the 1920s in the United States described by many historians?

5 What is the meaning of the “Lost Generation”?

6. What were the two guiding principles underlying America diplomatic activities in World War Two?

7. What are the three periods as far as the evolution the British economy since the Second World War is concerned?

8. What kind of economic system does the United States have?

9. Why is education very important to Americans? 10. What does the British Parliament consist of? 五Explain each of the following terms in English. ( 10’) 1 Thanksgiving Day

2 the Civil Rights Act of 1964

六Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics. ( 10’)

1. What is Thatcherism and what are the major components of Thatcherism?

2.In what sense was the War of 1812 important to the development of the United States?

参考答案

一 1 DDCCC 6 BBAAD 11 CDAAD 16 DCCDD 二 1 TFFFT 6 FTTFT

三 1 Norman 2 Shakespeare 3 jury judge 4 BBC 5 Martin Luther King

6 Federal State 7 4, July 8 baby boom 四

1 The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nortain Ireland.

2 Tthe main causes of the Hundred Years’ War were partly territorial and partly economic.

3 The primary sources of British law are: (1) Statutes of Parliament; (2) common law; (3) equity law; (4) European Community law.

4 The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.

5 The “Lost Generation refers to those who are both physically and spiritu ally impotent.

6 The first was to win the war; the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.

7 (1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s; (2) Economic recession in the 70s; (3) Economic recovery in the 80s.

8 The United state has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.

9. Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.

10 The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

五

1 Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday. It is an annual day of thanks for the blessings people have enjoyed during the year. The theme of thanksgiving has been peace and plenty, health and happiness.

2 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 It was signed into law by President Jonson in 1964. It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. 六

1：The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included:

(1) the return to private ownership of state-owned industries; (2) the use of monetarist polices to control inflation; (3) the weakening of trade union;

(4) the strengthening of the role market forces in the economy;

(5) an emphasis on law and order.

2 The war, however, had great impact on the development of the United States.

（1）The war made people realize the importance of a strong national government.

（2）The war strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism.

（3）For almost 10 years after the war, the Americans turned their attention to the development of the western part of the continent.

（4）It made both Britain and Unites States realize that their disputes should be solve through negotiation..Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.