高考英语阅读理解易错题解题方法

高考英语阅读理解易错题解题方法 【示例1】

Edward Wilson is America’world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Lakes us on a touworld’s natural resources (资源). How aused? What has been lost? What remains and is it ablue wd of use? Wilson alud to understand fully the biodiversity (生物多样性) of our eaWilson begins with an open lv(环境)Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such compabook. The problem is clean: man has done great damagvars. Can the earth, with human help, be madurn to biodiversity levels that will be able to support uuture? BiodivWilson arguling many problarth faces today. Even our agriculturalan gain advantagA mere hundred(物种) are the baur food supply, of which but twenty caload. Wilson suggests changinguation by lookingusandat could be made use of, which will be a way to redulearingaturallants and animals to

enlarge farming areas.

Adbook, Wilson discuauman valudering the envIf you aue to livarth, you may well read and adea2. We leaxt that Wilson caabouAvlaB. the biodivur eawaatural resouDauman valuHow maaant to oud supply? A. Twenty. B. Eigundred. D. Ten thousandWilson suggests that one wabiodivA. learn how to faally B. builddyingake it clear what to eat D. udWe caaxA. a datural resources B. a reseaa book review D. an introdua参考答案及解析 72.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有抓住文章的重点,以次代主,以点代面.

【解题指导】 本题属于判断推理题. 这类题要求学生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实基础上，领悟作者的弦外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即作者没有在文章中明说的。要得出正确的推理仅以阅读材料为前题还不够，还必须结合自己应有的常识。本题的关键提示信息在第三段中的第一句话.

【答案】本题的正确选项为B【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析是学生审题不细.

【解题指导】本题是细节理解题.学生们在做此类试题时,可以采用查读法,即带着问题寻找答案,同时要注意

审题.

【答案】本题的正确选项为A【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析信息错位,释意不清.

【解题指导】本题是细节理解题.属于间接辨认题,要正确地理解文章中具体信息的含义,并用同义或是近义的形式复述出来.本题的选项依据为第三段的最后一句话. 【答案】本题的正确选项为D【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析关键信息没有抓住,以点代面.

【解题指导】本题是推理判断题.推理判断要根据文章中的信息来判断,不能依据自己的主观判断,也不能以点代面.本题推断依据为文章开始部分的The Future of Life一书的基本内容,然后重点谈及Biodiversity的重要性,最后根据文章最后一段,由此可以判断出本题选C项.

【答案】本题的正确选项为C. 【练习1】

WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, twa's top tabllayers, both saw the World Table Taas a chavlves. Buwas onlampion (冠军) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesdaama , Japan.

Wang Hao, who w's doubles title wQi last Monday, played wbeat Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9.

Wang Hao said it waal toughness (心理稳定) that made the dI was disappointed baast chaand the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. TulWang Hao said he has always understoodaal training andal skills. Now he knowdal preparation as well. Having two Ollvers had lling bitter (痛苦的). The baps explains why he has not always played at his baI'vunderstand that you can leaant lailuaid. \"Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player.\" His next goal, or dreawin the gold medal at the London Ol2012. Liu Guoliang, head coaa's tablam, sang the praWang Hao's vTust the beginningaid Liu.

\"It'dence-bds to make fugAccordingassage, Wang Hao won _____ gold medalWorld Table Taama, Japan. A. only one B. twD. four

2. From Wang Hao, we can know the main reabeating Wang Liqin is ______.

Aal skills Bal trainingal toughness D. his past exWhaxt goal of Wang Hao?

A. To wlampion at the 2012 OlB. To beat Wang Liqin agaTo prove himselutuD. To wgolds in futuWhat

can we leaWang Hao?

A. FailuuB. Never give up until you succeedWa willa waD. A good beginning makes a good ending. 参考答案及解析：

1.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章，以点代面了。

【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。 【答案】本题的正确选项为B.

2．【错解分析】典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点，审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainl【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择，一定要理解题干，并防止以次代主。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。

3．【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析审题不清，D项也许是Wang Hao的远期目标，但是题干是the next goal。

【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“His next goal, or dreawin the gold medal at the London Ol2012.”可知。注意审题。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。

4．【错解分析】典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。

【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章，根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。

【答案】本题的正确选项为A。 【示例2】

Dear HamilWe are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressuwe all get along so well. You ale wal temperature at such aablg. I don’t know awho is better liked than youu can perhaps help wThe collbuwards gloyees’ personal-life evbecoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gasonable now and then. In the pawevave been collwo baby shower gwedding shower gift, two wedding guneral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gIt’lllected-from who are growing uable (and poor), bullected-for feel uneaving gle who don’t know them outsidwho wouldn’t even recoggraduating childarrying daughters anddead relativThis is basically a kind gesture (and one that peoplwell of you for), buaave bwide-ranging and

feelday’g.

Thank you for understandingThe underlined word “contributions” probably means ________.

AB. suggD. understandingHamilxpected to _______. A. showdB. duaquit being the orgagift giving D. know more about co-workers’ familThis is basically a l________.

A. apology B. sympathy C. appreciation D. dissatisfa参考答案【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析释不达意，胡乱猜测.

【解题指导】本题考查词义猜测.对于词义的猜测可以有许多的方法,常见的方法是根据上下文所举例子来猜测.本题就是根据文中的In the pawevave been collwo baby shower gwedding shower gift, two wedding guneral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.可猜测出contributions的意思为”礼金,份子”.

【答案】本题的正确选项为A【错解分析】典型错误A. 错因分析 无视主题，以点带面.

【解题指导】本题考查细节推测题.对于细节推测的理解要以文章的中心为依据并根据文章中的具体信息来推测,做到有根据的选答案,并且信息点一定要找准,防止

张冠李戴.本题选择依据为倒数第二段中的” buaave bwide-ranging and feelday’g.”

【答案】本题的正确选项为B【错解分析】典型错误C. 错因分析 无视主题，以点带面.

【解题指导】本题考查主旨大意. 这类问题属于全局性问题。要做好这类问题必须找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。并注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finalllusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。本题的答案依据为feelday’g.,以及最后一句话,因此答案为D项.

【答案】本题的正确选项为D. 【练习2】

Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of waake a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far awaur daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japaa wonderful program of Solalalocated 80,000west of Tokyo, amongawblds. Tapan’s sulaces. Solavers about 410,000 squaventy-fivare covered by solar panels. The govas provided peoplwlar panelIn addgovas paid 9.7 billudy how to make full ular

energy. A numblar energy companies have also givlgraPeople living in Solausing solar panels is a good way to savHowever, savingly reason why people are movingWe moved here becauanels. It wag we wanted,” said Mika Hiroshimaved to Solar City wusband and two little children about four years agIt is well known that Japan is a country thagy, bulagram has brouguntry. \"People want solar energy,” said aal of SolaActually in Solaare 550 families making ular energy aAllay that they wausing solar energy even agram ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are ablvidan enough energy for a normal family. Howevlar panels aat useful in cloudy days. Dlall a wonderful program becaule to wisely use the limited energThe writer uwo quat the beginningassage to ______. Aaders’ knowledge about solar energy B. draw the readers’ aleauation that solar energy is used

D. invaders to answ2. The third paragraassage is mainly about ______.

Aason why people are movinglaB. howle are living in Solags that people living in Solad

D. the life exle living in SolaIt can bdassage that _________.

A. Japan is a country wlackinggy

Blar panels are only useful in sunny dalagram will be successful

D. Solaa very modern big参考答案及解析： 1．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：信息错位，张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目的，而非全篇的写作目的。

【解题指导】写作目的题。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题,故选B。 【答案】本题的正确选项为B。

2．【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。

【解题指导】主旨大意题。从本段来看，第一句话说出，生活在太阳城使用太阳电池板省钱。第二句话说出了，生活在太阳城不仅是为了省钱，还为了太阳电池板。因此，可知答案为A。考查文章的段落大意，此时要注意段落的主题句，可位于段首，段尾或段落的中间，也有的要从段中自己提取的。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。

3．【错解分析】典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点，推理判断题要从文中进行推断，而不是文中的原话。

【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“Allay that they wausing solar energy even agram ends in 2010.”可知。此项目的目的达到了。因此，C项正确。D项，可根据文中的“Solavers about 410,000 squa”知，Solar City并不是一个大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实，而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。 【示例3】

People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you leall of climbing then? If youat you have to guntains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to

climbgyms(体育馆). Hle are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding plaands andHow do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and (保护带) around yould you. There a(绳索)tied to your. Tld you in plaat you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually abough, and you climb straight up. There are smallal thauu to stand on and hold’s eawal’s not. Tdifficult is an your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficull fear. But when you move awawall, the andld you, and you begl safe. You move slowly until you realimbing attrale because it’s good exalmost evu use your whole bodally your arms and legs. Tgives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can bgWhat can wassage?

A. People are fairld in climbing nowadaB. Ible to build up one’s body by climbingPeople can only leall of climbing outdD. It is always ealding plalimbingTdifficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.

Aur Bl your feave awawall D. to climb straight

uThe word “workout” underlinedlast paragrabably means _________.

A. settlement B. exxD. tiredWhy dauthor wassage? A. To tell people wd gyms. B. To prove the basic need for climbingTo encourage people to climb mountains. D. introduwall climbing

参考答案及解析：【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析片面理解，没有从全文的角度去看问题。

【解题指导】推理判断题. 在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。本题属于从文章的主题进行的推论，因此从文章的第一段,第三段的首句可容易推知答案.

【答案】本题的正确选项为A【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析是脱离文章，而主观判断试题的答案。 【解题指导】细节理解题.从第二段倒数第三句” It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficull fear.”可知答案.细节理解题可通过查读法进行理解，是高考阅读题中较简单的题型，但是答案的依据一定要忠实于原文。

【答案】本题的正确选项为B【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析是脱离上下文，而采用了构词法来猜测生词

的意思，因为work out意为“解决”，所以学生们会误以为workout的意思为A。

【解题指导】词义猜测题.根据“Climbing attrale because it’s good exalmost everyone.”与” When you climb, both your mind and your body can bger.”可知workout与exercise同义,表示”锻炼”.词义猜测时可以根据构词法来进行，但是也要符合上下文的语境。 【答案】本题的正确选项为B【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析没有掌握作意图判断题的方法，以偏代全。 【解题指导】意图判断题.意图判断题分具体内容的写作意图和篇章内容的写作意图，因此在答题要分析题干，如果文章的写作意图，就要结合文章的主旨来判断。本题就是结合全文可知,作者的写作意图旨在介绍室内攀岩运动.

【答案】本题的正确选项为D. 【练习3】

The only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small, uninhabited island. He prayed feverishly for Godue him, and every day he scannedlp, budg. Exhausted, he eventually managed to build a little hut out of driftwoodlandwBuday, after lookingd, he arrivedd his little hut in flalling uThe

worst had happened; everything was lHe was stunned with grief and anger. \"God how could you d!d. Earlxt day, however, he was awakened bund of aat was approaching the island. It haduHow did you know I was here?\" asked the weary mauers. \"We saw yougnallied.

It is easy to get discouraged wgs are going bad. But we shouldn't lose heart, because God is at wur lives, evdst of pain and suffering.

Remember, nexur little hut is burningground it just may be agnal that sugrace of God.

For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves, God has a positive answ．TlassagA．God Is Wherever We Need Him

B．We should have a Positive Attitude to L．A Story Happened on An Uninhabited Island D．A Survivor Was How to Be Saved

2．Aurvivg his hut burningground, he _________. A．was very angry and frightened and didn’t slB．was very sad and disappointed and didn’t sl．was so angry and sad that he slept withouuD．was so surprised that he slept withouu．Fwe ca_______.

A．that the survivor was a lucky dog B．God is a kind and considerable old man C．God is willing to help anyone who hellf D．You are what you eaThe meaningunderlined part“ agnal that sugrace of God” may be___. A．agnal that shows God’s idea

B．aation that God sends ouu．an order that God gives to puan wuble

D．a signal that shows God’s kindlp the mauble 参考答案及解析：

1．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：没有考虑到文章的主题。

【解题指导】选择适合的文章标题。从全文来看，C项比较全面，且能概括文章的内容。选择文章的标题属于主旨大意题。要在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图，在此基础上还要做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。

2．【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析对于文章的细节处理解不到位。

【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章中的“He was stunned with grief and anger. \"God how could you d!d.”

可知。在做细节理解题时，一定要回到原文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案，找到关键词后最好在下面划线，以便检查。 【答案】本题的正确选项为．【错解分析】典型错误C.错因分析：片面理解文章，以致于得出错误的结论。 【解题指导】推理判断题。从文章开头我们知道，这位主人公是一位失船事故的幸存者，并且文章的最后我们可以看出因意外的茅屋失火，他却意想不到的得救。因此，可知主人公是一位幸运儿。推理判断题要忠于原亠，以文章提供的事实和线索想象，随意想象，更不能己自己的观点代替作者的观点。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。

4．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：释不达意，胡乱猜测

【解题指导】句意的解释。grace 意为“恩泽”；summon 意为“传唤”；本句话的意思为“传唤上帝恩泽的一个烟信号”。因此，可知D项更符合句意。句子的解释是最近几年来高考新出现的题型，要根据上下文来推测。

【答案】本题的正确选项为D