一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解
Scrapbooking is a hobby. It was popular for more than 500 years. People called it a friendship book. They kept pictures, letters, poems and other things they wanted to remember.
Today people collect many things in scrapbooks. Some people have funny collections, like the world's most awkward ideas or pictures of the world's most ugly dogs. Other people may collect stories about the bad weather.
It is easy to get started. First, you should decide what you want to collect. Start with just one idea. Next, you will need a book with background paper, scissors and glue. You need the scissors to cut out the pictures or stories. You need the glue to stick them to the background paper. You can be busy and collect many things or lazy and collect few things. It'll be lots of fun to make your scrapbook and you can share it with your friends. （1）How long was scrapbooking popular?
A. less than 500 years B. 500 years C. over 500 years D. more than 550 years （2）What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word \"awkward\"?
A. 聪明的 B. 愚蠢的 C. 美妙的 D. 残疾的 （3）How many items （物品） are mentioned to make a scrapbook?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. （4）To make a scrapbook, what do you need first?
A. Glue. B. Scissors. C. A book. D. An idea. （5）What's the best title of the passage?
A. Scrapbooking B. The History of Scrapbooking C. What Is a Scrapbook? D. How to make a Scrapbook 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）C （4）D （5）A
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了剪粘书的通途，可以保存照片、信件、诗歌和其他他们想记住的东西。
（1）细节题。根 It was popular for more than 500 years可知它流行了500多年，故选C。 （2）词义猜测题。根据 pictures of the world's most ugly dogs. Other people may collect stories about the bad weather 世界上最丑陋的狗的照片。其他人可能会收集坏天气的故事 可知awkward指愚蠢的，故选B。
（3）细节题。根据you will need a book with background paper, scissors and glue 你需要一本背景纸、剪刀和胶水的书可知3种物品被提到制作剪贴簿，故选C。
（4）细节题。根据 First, you should decide what you want to collect. 可知要制作剪贴簿，你首先需要，故选D。
（5）主旨题。根据本文介绍了剪粘书的通途，可知 Scrapbooking适合做标题，故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
2．根据短文内容选择正确答案。
B
When you're not at home, many worries may start to crowd your mind. Did I turn the coffee maker off? Did I lock the door? Are the kids doing their homework or watching television? With a smart home, you can quiet all of these worries.
A smart home is a home with a communication network. This network connects devices（装置）,such as lights and TV sets, and allows them to be controlled from far away through electrical wiring, mobile phone communication or WiFi over the internet.
More and more people may start to consider owning a smart home, because it makes life much more convenient. It can help keep your room at a certain temperature. It can record what happens inside the home and send the video to your phone. When you are on vacation abroad, you can use a smart home controller to switch on or off the electricity when necessary. Some smart homes can receive a visitor, allowing him to come in and offering him a drink. They can even feed the cat and water the plants.
Besides, smart homes are easy to fix. Most smart home technology and devices are wireless and can be set up with a minimum of tools, using only the guiding information. When a problem appears, you can deal with it yourself without paying a professional.
However, for home-users, the smart home technology is far from perfect. It can be rather expensive to own the technology and the devices. Also, because the smart home system（系统）allow its owner to get home information from anywhere, it leaves the home easy to be attacked by hackers（黑客）,who may secretly use or change the information in the system. Now, many scientists are excited at the future of smart home technology. Imagine being able to get fashion advice from your mirror, or receive food shopping suggestions from your refrigerator. While there are others who worry that those smart devices will make people lazier and lonelier. Whatever it is, one thing is for sure---smart home technology will change the way we live and work.
（1）According to the passage, nowadays a smart home can lock the door through .
A. electric lights B. mirror technologies C. mobile phones D. shopping programs （2）The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about .
A. the steps to use smart systems B. the prices of smart programs C. the advantages of a smart home D. the tools for setting up smart devices （3）Which of the following is TRUE about a smart home according to the passage?
A. Smart homes can't help feed pets nowadays. B. Smart homes costs a lot of money at present. C. You can't control your smart home in other countries. D. It's hard for hackers to get information from smart homes. （4）What's the writer's opinion according to the passage?
A. People will become less happy in the future. B. People's life style will be different in the future. C. Mobile phones are the most important in smart homes. D. Smart homes are much better than other smart systems. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了智能家居的基本功能和新型理念，作者认为智能家居技术将对我们的生活和工作方式带来变革。
（1）推理判断。根据第二段allows them to be controlled from far away through electrical wiring, mobile phone communication or WiFi over the internet.可知智能仪器可以通过电线，手机，无线网络等控制。electric lights电子光线；mirror technologies镜像技术；mobile phones移动电话；shopping programs购物程序。故选C。
（2）段落大意。根据第三段第一句More and more people may start to consider owning a smart home, because it makes life much more convenient. 可知越来越多的人开始考虑拥有一个智能家庭，因为它给生活带来极大的方便，结合下文可知都是在谈论智能家庭的优点。故选C。
（3）细节理解。根据They can even feed the cat and water the plants可知A错误；根据第四段 It can be rather expensive to own the technology and the devices. 可知B正确；根据第三段When you are on vacation abroad, you can use a smart home controller to switch on or off the electricity when necessary.可知C错误；根据第四段 it leaves the home easy to be attacked by hackers（黑客）,可知D错误。故选B。
（4）观点态度。根据最后一句话Whatever it is, one thing is for sure---smart home technology will change the way we live and work. 可知智能家庭技术会改变我们生活和工作的方式。故选B。
【点评】读说明文时首先确定文章的中心句，通常在句首，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。
3．根据短文内容选择正确答案。
A
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday.
“That's right.” said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They're all dead.”
“Well, sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”
The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't look fit and healthy to me!”
（1）The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which shows that he was a very _______.
A. friendly man---- he never made any enemies. B. healthy man---- he lived longer than all his enemies C. lucky man---- his enemies had all died D. terrible man---- he killed all his enemies
（2）When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year, ________.
A. he was trying to make the old man happy B. he wished he himself would live another year
C. he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred D. he did not believe he would interview the old man again
（3）When the old man said, “I can't see why you shouldn't”, what he meant was _____________.
A. “You must try to live another year to interview me again next year.” B. “Of course you can see me again since you're so fit and healthy.” C. “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again.”
D. “Unless you live another year, you wouldn't be able to interview me again.” 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）B
【解析】【分析】本文讲一个高龄老人的语言智慧。
（1）细节理解。根据老人说 I haven’t an enemy in the world. They’re all dead.可知老人是一个健康的人，他的敌人都死了。故选B。
（2）推理判断。根据句中的词hope；have the honour of等可知记者是祝愿老人健康长寿，故选A。
（3）推理判断。本句的意思是：我实在看不出你为什么会认为没有机会再采访我,你看起
来还象我一样健康着呢。记者本是好意祝愿老人长寿，但是听起来好像是老人活不过一百岁似的。老人用开玩笑的方式来缓和记者说错话的尴尬。故选B。
【点评】故事类阅读要紧扣故事的时间线索，人物间的关系，故事的发展和结局，点明的主旨等信息。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词查找信息，切忌主观臆断，凭感觉做题
4．阅读理解
Some parents are always comparing their children with themselves when they were young, or with other people when they were children.
\"When I was your age,\" a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, \"I was at the top of my class every year. And I knew what I wanted to do when I left school. I had goals. You are always at the bottom of your class, and you have no goals.\"
The man's son said nothing. He had heard this from his father many times.
\"And when your mother was your age,\" the boy's father went on, \"she had a good job and she was earning money. You don't even have a part-time job. You earn nothing.\" The man's son still said nothing. He had heard this before, too.
\"And when your older brother was your age,\" the boy's father went on, \"he studied hard. You just waste your time.\"
And the man's son still said nothing.
Finally, the boy's father said, \"And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, he worked all day and studied at night.\"
This time the son could not stay silent.
\"And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, Father,\" he said, \"he was the President of the United States. What are you?\" His father had no answer to this.
（1）The father compared his son with the following people EXCEPT ________. A. himself B. the boy's brother C. Abraham Lincoln D. the boy's classmates （2）How did the boy probably feel?
A. Happy. B. Afraid. C. Angry. D. Surprised. （3）What can we infer from the passage?
A. Some parents like comparing their children with other children. B. The boy's father studied very well when he was young. C. The boy was the youngest child in his family.
D. The father wanted his son to become President of the USA （4）What is the passage mainly about?
A. A happy family on vacation. B. A father complaining about his son. C. A son lying to his father. D. Abraham Lincoln as a child. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了一个抱怨自己儿子的爸爸。
（1）细节题。根据\"When I was your age,\" a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, \"I was at the top of my class every year.可知爸爸把儿子和自己比较；根据\"And when your older brother was your age,\" the boy's father went on, \"he studied hard. You just waste your time.\"可知爸爸把儿子和男孩的哥哥比较；根据Finally, the boy's father said, \"And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, he worked all day and studied at night.\"可知爸爸把儿子和 Abraham Lincoln比较，没有把儿子和同学比较，故选D。
（2）推断题。根据全文可知爸爸一直抱怨儿子，把儿子和他人比较，所以儿子是生气的，即angry，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据\"When I was your age,\" a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, \"I was at the top of my class every year.可知爸爸小时候在班级里是好学生，即学习好，故选B。
（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了一个抱怨儿子的爸爸，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
5．阅读理解
A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery（外科手术）.He found the boy's father in the hall waiting worriedly.
On seeing him, the father cried out, \"Why did you take all this time to come？Don't you know that my son is in danger？Don't you have any sense of duty？\"
The doctor smiled and said, \"I am sorry. I wasn't in the hospital and I came as fast as I could after receiving the call and now, I wish you'd calm down so that I can do my work.\"
\"Calm down？！What if your son was in this room right now？Would you calm down？If your own son dies while waiting for a doctor, then what will you do？\"said the father angrily. The doctor smiled again and replied, \"We will do our best and you should also pray for your son's healthy life.\"
The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happily, \"Thank goodness！Your son is saved！\"And without waiting for the father's reply he carried on his way running by saying, \"If you have any questions, ask the nurse.\"
\"Couldn't he wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son's state？\"shouted the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left.
The nurse answered, tears coming down her face, \"His son died yesterday in a road accident. He was at the burial（葬礼）when we called him for your son's surgery. And now that he saved your son's life, he left running to finish his son's burial.\"
（1）What did the doctor do after he received the call for the surgery? A. He asked another doctor to do his duty. B. He went to the hospital as soon as possible. C. He discussed the boy's state with the father.
D. He waited until his son's burial was finished.
（2）The father shouted at the doctor because he thought . A. he had waited too long B. no one cared for his son C. the doctor was cold to him D. the surgery took a long time （3）Who told the truth to the father in the end？
A. The doctor. B. The nurse. C. His son. D. A patient. （4）What is the best title for the text？
A. Seeing is believing B. Time waits for no man C. Practice makes perfect D. Think before you decide 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】 本文讲述一个医生被医院招回来救一个孩子，他的父亲误解医生冷血，做完手术后这个父亲才明白原来医生刚刚在车祸中失去了儿子，告诉我们，宽容待人，不要武断。
（1）细节题。根据 A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery 一位医生在被叫去做一个重要的手术后匆忙进入医院可知， 医生接到手术电话后他尽快去了医院，故选B。
（2）推理题。根据 the father cried out, \"Why did you take all this time to come 父亲喊道，“你为什么花这么长时间来？ ，可知父亲对医生大喊大叫，因为他认为他等得太久了 ，故选A。
（3）推理题。根据 The nurse answered, tears coming down her face 护士泪流满面的告诉他......，可知护士最后告诉了父亲真相，故选B。
（4）主旨题。根据本文讲述一个医生被医院招回来救一个孩子，他的父亲误解医生冷血，做完手术后这个父亲才明白原来医生刚刚在车祸中失去了儿子，告诉我们，宽容待人，不要武断，可知 Think before you decide适合做标题，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
6．阅读理解
I felt very sad not to be able to get the ticket to the film Titanic last Friday. I learned in the newspaper that tickets could be bought at the cinema box office in Richland Hills every day between 10：00 a.m. and 4：00 p.m. Because I work from 9：00 a.m.to 5：30 p.m., the only time I could go to the cinema was during my 45-minute lunch time. It is a pity that the cinema is on the other side of the town, and the bus service between my office and Richland Hills is not very good. But if you are lucky, you can make the round（往返）trip in 45 minutes.
Last Monday I stood at the bus stop for fifteen minutes, waiting for a bus. By the time I saw one coming around the corner, there was not enough time left to make the trip-so I had to go back to
the office. The same thing happened on Wednesday. On Thursday my luck changed, I got on a bus right away and arrived at the cinema in twenty minutes. But when I got there, I found a long line of people at the box office. I heard one man say he had been waiting in line for fifty-five minutes. I found that I would not have enough time to wait in line. I caught the next bus and went back across the town.
Then on Friday I understood my only hope was to make the trip by car. It was not cheap, but I felt it would be worthwhile to see the film. The trip by car only took 10 minutes, but it felt like one hour to me. When I reached the cinema, I was delighted to see that nobody was waiting in line. But I quickly found out that it was because they had already sold out all the tickets. （1）It seems that the writer of the story works . A. in a small town B. in Richland Hills C. on a farm near the town D. at a bus service centre
（2）The writer tried to go to the cinema to buy a ticket, but he really go there . A. five times B. four times C. three times D. twice （3）The underlined word \"delighted\" means\" \".
A. sure B. sorry C. surprised D. pleased （4）What's the best title for the story？
A. How to get a ticket B. Tickets sold out C. A wonderful film D. The way to the cinema 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者坐公交车去城镇买电影票时发现票已经全部卖完。 （1）细节题。根据It is a pity that the cinema is on the other side of the town可知遗憾的是电影院在城镇的另一边，所以作者在一个小城镇工作，故选A。
（2）细节题。根据The same thing happened on Wednesday. On Thursday my luck changed, I got on a bus right away and arrived at the cinema in twenty minutes.星期三也发生了同样的事情。星期四我的运气变了，我马上上了公共汽车，二十分钟后到了电影院，所以作者去了两次，故选D。
（3）推断题。根据nobody was waiting in line可知没人排队买票，所以作者是高兴的，delighted意思是高兴的，即pleased，故选D。
（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了作者坐公交车去城镇买电影票时发现票已经全部卖完，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
7．阅读理解
Boston Children's Museum is the second oldest children's museum in the United States. It has
been teaching children with a huge collection of objects（可触摸的实物） since 1913. Here's a list of some interesting exhibits in the museum.
Arthur &. This exhibit features the characters（人物） from Marc Brown's books and the Friends television series. Children can learn and play in the Read Family Kitchen, Mr Ratburn's Classroom and the Backyard Sleepover. Art Studio Art Studio is a place where children and their parents can create art together. The Common House The Common is a place where visitors can experience light shows, musical chairs, a gigantic checkers game and many other activities. sister city. Visitors can learn about 'Japanese family life, culture, art and seasonal events at the exhibit. Kid Power This exhibit teaches visitors how to live healthier lives by eating right and exercising. （1）How many children's museums in the US are older than Boston Children's Museum? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. （2）Which of the following is TRUE? A. The museum is over 100 years old. B. Arthur is a real person. C. Parents cannot go into Art Studio. D. Japanese House is in Kyoto right now.
（3）Seven-year-old Tony is interested in checkers games. Which exhibit should he visit? A. Art Studio. B. The Common. C. Japanese House. D. Kid Power. （4）Children can learn about healthy eating at _______________.
A. Arthur & Friends B. Art Studio C. Japanese House D. Kid Power （5）The passage is most probably a _______________.
A. speech B. notice C. poster D. story 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）B （4）D （5）C
【解析】【分析】大意：本文介绍波士顿儿童博物馆，这里孩子可以触摸实物，并且介绍了博物馆一些有趣的展览处所。
（1）细节题。根据Boston Children's Museum is the second oldest children's museum in the United States.波士顿儿童博物馆是美国第二最古老的儿童博物馆。可知，美国只有一个博物馆比波士顿儿童博物馆更古老，故选A。
（2）细节题。根据It has been teaching children with a huge collection of objects（可触摸的实物） since 1913.可知，博物馆已有100多年了，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据The Common is a place where visitors can experience light shows, musical chairs, a gigantic checkers game.可知，托尼对跳棋游戏感兴趣，可以去the common，故选
Japanese Japanese House is a real two-storey house from Kyoto, Japan, Boston's Japanese B。
（4）细节题。根据This exhibit teaches visitors how to live healthier lives by eating right and exercising.可知，孩子们可以在Kids power学习到健康饮食，故选D。
（5）推断题。本文介绍了波士顿儿童博物馆，而且详细介绍了博物馆里一些处所，这篇文章很可能是一篇海报，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
8．阅读理解
Nowadays lots of kids are at home alone after school. Are you one of them? Kids who regularly take care of themselves are called \"latchkey kids\".
This nickname got its start in the 1940s. Many men fought in the Second World War and women had to take jobs in factories to keep the country going. With both parents away, lots of kids went back to empty houses after school. Latchkey kids wore house keys around their necks and they used the keys to open doors.
Today, it's common for both parents to work. As a result, a new generation of kids are spending some time alone after school. It becomes necessary for both parents and kids to make some rules. There are a lot of questions to talk about:
Should you call your mum, or dad as soon as you get home? Should you do your homework first?
Can you watch TV or play computer games? If so, how long? What can you eat if you want a snack? Can friends come over? If so, how many? ……
As latchkey kids, knowing how to stay safe is just as important as following the family rules. Talk about the following questions with your parents: What should you do when the phone rings? What should you do if someone knocks at the door? What should you do if someone breaks into the house? What should you do if you cut yourself while cooking? ……
You may feel when you are at home alone. Don't worry. Keeping yourself busy is helpful. There are many things which can make you feel that time goes by quickly: ●Read a magazine. ●Write an email. ●Phone a friend. （1）Latchkey kids _________________.
A. like collecting keys B. live with their grandparents
C. have part-time jobs in factories D. regularly stay at home alone after school （2）How many pieces of advice does the writer give to latchkey kids?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five （3）Which of the following can be put in \" \"?
A. Can you have your hair cut? B. Should you go to school on foot?
C. Can you go out? If so, where? D. Can you ask teachers for help at school? （4）Which of the following can be put in \" \"?
A. bored B. excited C. relaxed D. pleased （5）The writer probably agrees that __________. A. there's no need to make family rules
B. latchkey kids should learn to protect themselves C. time passes slowly when latchkey kids are busy D. parents should never leave their kids alone at home 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）C （4）A （5）B
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了独自在家的孩子，在家时应该怎么做。
（1）细节题。根据 Nowadays lots of kids are at home alone after school. Are you one of them? Kids who regularly take care of themselves are called \"latchkey kids 现在许多孩子放学后独自在家。你是他们中的一员吗？经常照顾自己的孩子被称为“钥匙孩子” 可知, 钥匙儿童放学后经常独自呆在家里，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据 Read a magazine. ●Write an email. ●Phone a friend 阅读杂志。●写一封电子邮件。●给朋友打电话知, 作者给了钥匙儿童3个建议，故选B。
（3）推理题。根据 Can friends come over? If so, how many? ，可知 你能出去吗？如果是，在哪里 Can you go out? If so, where? 适合放在横线处，都是条件状语从句的省略形式，故选C。
（4）细节题。根据 Don't worry. Keeping yourself busy is helpful. 别担心。让自己忙碌是有帮助的 可知,此处是个负面情绪的形容词，A无聊的，B激动的，C放松的，D高兴的，bored适合放在横线处，故选A。
（5）细节题。根据 As latchkey kids, knowing how to stay safe is just as important as following the family rules 作为钥匙儿童，知道如何保持安全和遵守家庭规则一样重要可知， 钥匙儿童应该学会保护自己，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
9．阅读理解
The word, \"photography\write with light\". But photography could only give people static pictures. So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. They made lots of experiments, but failed again and again. It was Eadweard Muybridge who finally succeeded. He was the first photographer to try this successfully. But how did he make it? It was an interesting story.
Back in 1872, people didn't know exactly（确切地） whether all four of a horse's hooves（蹄） left the ground at the same time when it was running. A gentleman called Leland Stanford made a bet with his friend about it. Most people believed that a horse always had one hoof on the ground, or it would fall over. But Stanford didn't think so.
At that time, it was hard to know who could win the bet, because a horse's legs move so fast that it is impossible to tell just by looking. So they needed a way to record the movement of a running horse. Then Stanford offered $ 25,000 to the famous photographer, Muybridge, to help find the answer. In the beginning, Muybridge failed to get clear images, but he didn't give up. He continued to improve his cameras. In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence（连续） of 12 photos. One of them clearly showed that all four of the horse's hooves were off the ground at the same time. And when the photos moved fast, people could see a horse running.
Though Edison is usually considered as the person who created the first movie in 1889, it was the work of Eadweard Muybridge and the bet that led to Edison's invention. （1）The underlined word \"static\" in Paragraph 1 most probably means . A. pretty B. dark C. moving D. still （2）What did Leland Stanford make a bet with his friend about? A. Whose horse ran faster.
B. Whether a horse would fall over while running.
C. Whether it was possible for scientists to make moving pictures.
D. Whether a horse's hooves all left the ground at the same time while running. （3）Muybridge finally found the exact answer to the bet in .
A. 1839 B. 1872 C. 1878 D. 1889 （4）The passage mainly tells us . A. that Thomas Edison created the first movie
B. that Eadweard Muybridge created the first static pictures C. how photography helped people know more about animals
D. how Eadweard Muybridge got pictures of motion（移动） successfully 【答案】 （1）D （2）D （3）C （4）D
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了 Eadweard Muybridge拍到移动的照片的故事。 （1）词义猜测题。根据下文 So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. 所以科学家很努力地尝试找到让照片动起来的方法，可知以前的照片是静止的，static意为still“静止的”。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 Back in 1872, people didn't know exactly（确切地） whether all four of a horse's hooves（蹄） left the ground at the same time when it was running. 可知， Leland Stanford和朋友打赌马在奔跑的时候是不是四只马蹄都离地。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段 In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a
sequence（连续） of 12 photos. 可知，直到1878年， Muybridge ，才设法拍到连续的12张照片。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了 Eadweard Muybridge拍到移动的照片的故事。故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
10．阅读理解
Art Training Course Do you want to get $ 75~$ 200 each hour? You will get good jobs if you spend only a week on our courses about ads, TV programs, films and fashion. Website: www. awardmakeupschool. com Telephone number: 310—364—0665 Teaching English Overseas A 4-week language course is offered monthly in Prague. It's helpful for you to get good jobs around the world. Cost: $ 1,300 per month Website: www.teflworldwideprague.com Looking for a Roommate I'm Mary. I have a house with three bedrooms. There are many things in it, like a TV, a washing machine and a fridge. You only need to pay $ 200 for it each month. And it includes the cost of surfing the Internet. There are two rules for you to obey: You mustn't make lots of noise in the house and you must keep the house clean. E-mail: www.room.to.rent@hotmail. com （1）If Jim wants to take the language course for two months, he'll have to pay _________. A. $75 B. $ 200 C. $ 1,300 D. $ 2,600 （2）Mary's house provides the following things EXCEPT __________.
A. a computer B. a TV C. a fridge D. a washing machine （3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The cost of the art training course is $ 75 each hour. B. People should pay $ 1,300 for the language course each week. C. If you often surf the Internet, you'd better not rent Mary's house. D. People who want to live in Mary's house should pay $ 1,200 half a year. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）D
【解析】【分析】（1）细节理解题。根据文中的表格二Teaching English Overseas A 4-week language course is offered monthly in Prague．It's helpful for you to get good jobs around the world．Cost：1300per month可知学习英语每个人每个月1300元，两个月就是2600元，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中的表格三There are many things in it，like a TV，a washing machine and a fridge．可知房子里有电视，洗衣机和冰箱，没有提到电脑，故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据文中的表格三You only need to pay 200for it each month可知 一间卧室月租是200，半年就是200X6=1200，所以要想成为玛丽的合租室友，半年要付1200，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。
11．阅读理解
\"The day will be the most memorable in the history of America,\" wrote John Adams in 1776. \"People will honor it with parades, fireworks and celebrations,\" he added.
Since 1776, Americans have celebrated July 4 as the country's Independence Day. Several early presidents of the United States died on July 4. They include John Adams, who became the second president. Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the country's third president, both died on the country's 50th anniversary of Independence Day. James Monroe, the fifth US president, died on July 4, 1831. And the 30th president, Calvin Coolidge, was born on July 4.
Most Americans celebrate Independence Day with barbecues, parades and fireworks. But a few celebrate by eating all the hot dogs they can, Since the early 1970s, a restaurant called Nathan's Famous has organized a competition to see who can eat the most hot dogs in a short time. In 10 years, Joey Chestnut has won the men's contest nine times, In 2016, he set a record at the competition by eating 70 hot dogs in 10 minutes. The 2016 women's winner, Miki Sudo, has won in each of the past three years. In 2016, she ate 38 and a half hot dogs. Sudo and Chestnut each won a $ 10, 000 prize.
Let's go back to those fireworks, probably the most common image related to Independence Day. Americans really love fireworks. Where do many of our fireworks come from? . By the way, we also import most of our American flags from China, too. （1）Some presidents died on July 4 EXCEPT____________.
A. John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. James Monroe D. Calvin Coolidge （2）Some Americans celebrate Independence Day by eating____________. A. hot dogs. B. noodles C. dumplings D. hamburgers （3）Which of the following can be put into the blank?
A. England B. China C. France D. Germany （4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Joey Chestnut ate 38 and a half hot dogs in ten minutes. B. Americans import most of their national flags from Japan. C. Americans love fireworks very much.
D. Americans have celebrated July 4 as the country's Independence Day since 1831. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了内国人庆祝独立日的方式，有人通过烧烤、游行和放烟花庆祝，有人通过吃热狗庆祝，十年来乔伊获得了九次冠军，Miki Sudo在过去三年中每一年都获得了冠军。2016年，她吃了38.5个热狗。
（1）细节理解题，根据Several early presidents of the United States died on July 4. They include John Adams, who became the second president. Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the country's third president, both died on the country's 50th anniversary of Independence Day. James Monroe, the fifth US president, died on July 4, 1831.可知死于七月四日的美国总统有约翰亚当斯，托马斯杰斐逊，詹姆士摩尔，不包括柯立芝，故答案是D。
（2）细节理解题，根据 But a few celebrate by eating all the hot dogs they can, 可知一些美国人通过吃热狗来庆祝美国独立日，故答案是A。
（3）细节理解题，根据 By the way, we also import most of our American flags from China, too. 可知，空缺处应填China，故答案是B。
（4）正误判断题，根据 Americans really love fireworks. 可知美国人非常喜欢放烟花，因此C的陈述是正确的，故答案是C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和正误判断题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；正误判断题属于细节理解题的一种，也需要根据文章内容进行判定。
12．阅读理解
SAFETY RULES ON THE MTR TRAINS At the station: ◊Be patient. Line up on the platform（站台） and wait for the train. ◊Be polite. Let passengers get off first. ◊Do not rush onto the train. It is dangerous. ◊When you hear a \"beep\" sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing. Wait for another train. On the train: ◊Do not eat or drink on the train. It makes the train dirty. ◊Do not run on the train. ◊Give your seat to old men or women, the disabled or women carrying babies. （1）The text is mainly about how to __________. A. be a careful driver B. buy MTR tickets C. be a good passenger D. keep safe at home （2）People who will get on the train should __________.
A. wait in line B. open the door C. ask for help D. leave the seats （3）When you hear a \"beep\" sound, ____________. A. close the door B. rush onto the train
C. get off the train at once D. stop and wait for the next train （4）The text is probably a __________.
A. report B. notice C. diary D. poem 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章介绍了地铁站的一些应遵守的规则。
（1）细节理解题。根据 SAFETY RULES ON THE MTR TRAINS 可知，本文主要告诉读者如何成为一名乘客，故答案是C。
（2）细节理解题。根据 Be patient. Line up on the platform（站台） and wait for the train. 可知，上火车应该排队等候，故答案是A。
（3）细节理解题。根据 When you hear a \"beep\" sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing. Wait for another train. 可知，当你听到了警示声音，不能上车，要等下一趟车，故答案是D。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，这是一则通告或者告示，告诉乘客有关乘车安全事宜，故答案是B。
【点评】考查阅读理解题，本文涉及到了细节理解题和和主旨大意题。细节理解题比较简单，可知直接从文章中找到答案，主旨大意题则需要根据结合文章的主要内容确定中心意思。
13．阅读理解
Bike-sharing has swept across China, with an increasing number of people choosing bike riding instead of driving. The bike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it, and those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smartphone and left anywhere in public. Bike-sharing allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at another place easily.
In some cities, we can see more and more people riding this kind of sharing-bikes. It's very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smartphone. First, you have to download such an app on your smartphone. Then what you need to do is find a nearest hike through the app, scan the QR code on the bike or connect your phone with the bike over a Bluetooth wireless connection.
You will find the bike can be unlocked itself. Then you can enjoy your trip. What's more, the greatest advantage of hike- sharing is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend. Normally, every hour you ride, you need to pay one yuan. It doesn't cost so much, does it?
At the same time, some people park the hikes in their own homes. Besides, some people don't value the bikes. Now service companies are trying to solve the problems like being stolen. Technology and science have changed our social lifestyles. We have to say bike- sharing brings us more convenience without doubt. And we also hope that people can not only enjoy it but also put it to good use.
（1）From the first paragraph, we know ______. A. bike-sharing is invented in China B. sharing-bikes are used by some people C. most people in cities don t drive D. sharing-bikes can be borrowed anywhere
（2）II you want to use a sharing-bike, you must _________ first. A. have a smartphone and download an app B. download an app and pay for the trip C. unlock the bike and download an app D. find a nearest bike and borrow it from anyone
（3）Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage? A. Bike-sharing is very cheap. B. Sharing-bikes may be stolen. C. Sharing-bikes are easy to unlock. D. Bike-sharing is a kind of green transport.
（4）The passage probably comes from a ________.
A. science textbook B. tourist guide C. website news report D. restaurant menu 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是讲述了共享单车在中国越来越受欢迎。如果想使用共享单车，必须要有一个智能手机并下载一个应用程序。它使用起来非常方便，而且价格也很便宜。但是现在有的人不爱惜自行车，到处乱放，还有自行车被偷盗现象，服务公司正试图解决这个问题。毫无疑问自行车共享给我们的出行带来了更多的便利，我们要很好地利用它。 （1）推理题。根据 Bike-sharing allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at another place easily 自行车共享让人们可以很容易地从一个地方借自行车，然后在另一个地方归还，可知一些人使用共享自行车 ， 故选B。
（2）细节题。根据文中句子“It's very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smart phone. First, you have to download such an APP on your smart phone.”（如果你有智能手机，使用自行车非常方便。首先，你必须在智能手机上下载这样的应用程序。）可知，如果你想使用
共享单车，你必须先有一个智能手机并下载一个应用程序，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据文中句子“The bike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it. And those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smart phone and left anywhere in public.”可知，共享单车很容易解锁；根据“Now service companies are trying to solve the problem like being stolen.”可知，共享自行车可能会被盗；根据“The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend. Normally, every hour you ride, you need to pay one yuan. It doesn't cost so much, does it?”可知，使用共享单车比较便宜；Bike-sharing is a kind of green transport ，自行车共享是一种绿色交通工具，文章没有提及，故选D。
（4）推理题。A 科学教科 ，B旅游指南，C网站新闻报道，D 餐馆菜单 ， 根据本文是讲述了共享单车在中国越来越受欢迎。如果想使用共享单车，必须要有一个智能手机并下载一个应用程序，可知短文来自网站新闻报道 ， 故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
14．阅读理解
Have you noticed your life becoming a little easier? Now, when you go to a certain shopping mall, you can enjoy its free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all these can be seen as the basic parts of a smart city.
The idea of a smart city was brought up by US company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources, and make our life convenient. How smart can a city be? Here are great examples that we can learn from.
In 2009, Dubuque became the first smart city in the US. The city used smart water meters to take the place of traditional water me tens. They can detect （探测） water waste and leakage （泄漏） and send data to let the house owner know. The same system is used for other city resources like electricity and natural gas. In this way, people know how they use their resources and are glad to help reduce waste.
Santander in Spain also gives us a look at the future. If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival times. The government organized a research team and provided an App （应用程序） that collects data on almost everything: light, temperature, and the movements of cars and people. Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers. （1）The underlined word \"convenient\" is closest in meaning to \"______\". A. useful B. normal C. suitable D. easy （2）Compared with traditional water meters, smart water meters do better in ______. A. cleaning water B. supplying water C. saving water D. producing water （3）The example of Santander shows the use of smart systems in aspects （方面） EXCEPT ______.
A. business B. health care C. traffic controlling D. public transportation （4）What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Digital technologies help improve city planning. B. Smart cities will make our future life better and smarter. C. Smart cities are very common in both Dubuque and Santander. D. Spain and the US take the leading position in building smart cities. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要对智能城市进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。
（1）猜测词句题。由语句Generally, a small city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources 可知，总的来说，小城市就是使用数码科技例如互联网去提高城市计划，节省金钱和资源。由此可推知，节省金钱、能源，可以使我们的生活更加轻松便捷。easy 意为“轻松的”，符合题意。useful 意为“有用的”，normal 意为“普通的”，suitable 意为“适合的”，均不符合题意。故正确答案为D。 （2）细节理解题。由文中语句This way, people know they use their resources and are glad to help reduce waste 可知，通过这种方式，人们就可以知道他们使用的资源并愿意减少资源的浪费。由此可知，智能水表可以在节约水资源方面做的比传统水表更好。save water 意为“节约水资源”，符合题意。故正确答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。A项，由第四段第四句 Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers 可知，在超市旁边打开这个应用程序，可以马上推送特价商品的信息。由此可推知，智能系统在商业（business）中有所应用。B项，health care 意为“健康管理”，文章没有提及。C项，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如果人们用手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的会在这站停的公交车路线。由此可推知，智能系统在交通控制（traffic controlling）方面有所应用。D项，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如果人们用手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的会在这站停的公交车路线。由此可推知，智能系统在公共交通（public transportation）方面有所应用。故正确答案为B。
（4）主旨归纳题。A项，意为“电子科技帮助提升了城市规划”，只在第一段中有所提及。故A项错误。B项，意为“智能城市使我们未来的生活更好更智能”，文章主要对智能城市进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。故B项正确。C项，意为“智能城市在迪比克和桑坦德非常普遍”，文章第三段和第四段主要介绍了智能应用在两座城市中的应用，并没有提到普及型。故C项错误。D项，意为“西班牙和美国在建设智能城市方面处于领导地位”，文章提到美国的迪比克是第一个智能城市，西班牙也采用了智能城市，但是并没有提到领导地位。故D项错误。故正确答案为B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意
从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
15．阅读理解
Bradford City Matters
Welcome to the winter edition（版） of City Matters. \"Don't Drop It; Stop It!\"
Put rubbish in your wheelie bin（有轮大垃圾筒）.
You must put your rubbish in your wheelie bin to keep your environment clean. Don't pile your rubbish up（堆放） in your house or garden-use a wheelie bin or one of our larger bins. You can buy a wheelie bin from our Waste Management Section at 01943 874122.
You can tell us about mice or rubbish in your area by phoning our Public Health Unit at 01943 874146. ▲
Did you know that you can get a 50 fine（罚款） for dropping rubbish on the streets? Our Council officers are on the streets of Bradford looking for people who drop rubbish. They will fine people who drop litter. This is part of our \"Don't Drop It; Stop it!\" campaign（运动）. Don't fill your bin-recycle.
Just think how full your bin gets over the holidays. To reduce your waste: Say \"no\" to unwanted bags.
Take your own bags to the supermarket or reuse old ones. Get your free shopping bag from our Advice Center. Recycle your waste.
Take bottles to your local recycling center. Buy recycled things.
Cards and paper are good examples. Our competition winners
As part of our \"Don't Drop It; Stop It!\" campaign, community groups from the north, south, east and west of the city-500 volunteers-entered our competition to clean up their area. The goal was to make the city cleaner for those who live, work, shop or play there.
The four winners were: High Trees Parent Group, South Bradford Community Project, The Bridge Community Association and Forest Youth Group.
（1）If you have a problem with mice in your area, you can call .
A. 01943874122 B. 01941824146 C. 01943874146 D. 01941824122 （2）Which of the following can be put into ▲ ? A. Dropping rubbish can be expensive. B. Many people take their bags when shopping. C. Piling rubbish up in your garden is a bad habit. D. Our Council officers will help you when you're in trouble. （3）From the Advice Center, you can get .
A. two wheelie bins B. a free young tree C. a free shopping bag D. some recycled paper
（4）What do we know about the competition? A. There were five winners. B. It was held in the spring. C. It failed to reach its goal. D. 500 volunteers took part in it.
（5）Where might you see this material? A. In a storybook. B. In a health report. C. In a travel magazine. D. In a local newspaper. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）C （4）D （5）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了一种活动“Don't Drop It；Stop It”同时告诉我们了采取哪些方法才能使人们少扔垃圾甚至不乱扔垃圾。
（1）细节理解题，根据 You can tell us about mice or rubbish in your area by phoning our Public Health Unit at 01943 874146. 可知，要是你住的地方有了老鼠，你应该拨打01943 874146这个电话。故答案是C。
（2）信息匹配题，根据 Did you know that you can get a 50 fine（罚款） for dropping rubbish on the streets? 可知，乱扔垃圾的代价是很大的。故答案是A。
（3）细节理解题，根据Get your free shopping bag from our Advice Center.可知，在服务中心可以免费领到购物袋。 故答案是C。
（4）细节理解题，根据 As part of our \"Don't Drop It; Stop It!\" campaign, community groups from the north, south, east and west of the city-500 volunteers-entered our competition to clean up their area. 可知，一共有500名志愿者竞赛。故答案是D。
（5）细节理解题，根据 Welcome to the winter edition（版） of City Matters. 可知，这是一张报纸的版面。故答案是D。
【点评】考查阅读理解题，本题涉及到了细节理解题和信息匹配题两种题型，细节理解题比较简单，只要细心阅读，都可以从文中找到答案。信息匹配题需要联系空缺部分的前后文，确定与短文意思相关联的句子。
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