副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概
按意义来分,
副词可分为情状副词、程度副词、地方副词、时间副词、频率副词和肯定否定副词。
按用法来分,
副词可分为简单副词、疑问副词和关系副词。
一般来说：
1：修饰动词的词语就是副词如beat it heavily中的“heavily”就是副词，修饰“beat”，
狠狠地打击。
2：还有的副词是修饰形容词的，常常表示程度。如extremely beautiful中的“extremely”修 饰形容词“beautiful”，极其漂亮的
3：还有的副词本身就是修饰副词，和修饰形容词类似。
4：较特殊情况的副词可以放在句首，表一种伴随状态，
5：一般的副词除固定副词外，其他副词加后缀-ly，但有些如ugly、friendly 则不是副词。
6：副词修饰基数词时,一般置于被修饰的数词之前。
副词修饰动词时：修饰动词时通常可以放在句首、句中或句末
Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。
I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。
Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。
副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面 但也有例外
These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） 这些花相当漂亮。
He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。
She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。
按一般规则，如果有几个时间状语，小单位在前大单位在后面
The film will begin at seven o’clock this evening. 电影今晚7点开演。
I was born at two o’clock on the morning of May 15
两个地方副词同时出现,则小地方在前,大地方在后。
Ribb was born at Sydney in Australia.
按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前
We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会
He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。
方式副词表示状态、性质或方式（句首，句尾，句中）
总结:前后中，及物不及物区别
很多副词传达关于事件或行动的方式、时间、或地点的信息。
carefully,properly,anxiously,suddenly,normally,fast,well,calmly,politely,proudly,softly, warmly,wonderfully,slowly,loudly,
➢ 方式副词通常不位于动词和宾语之间，除非动词好的宾语很长
We like very much it（误）
We like it very much.
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.（正）
➢ 方式副词用在不及物动词与介系词之间或句尾
He spoke to slowly the foreigner . (误)
He spoke slowly to the foreigner.
He spoke to the foreigner slowly.
He runs fast.
➢ 若要遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词即可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可以位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语之前”（同上）
He looked at me curiously.
He looked curiously at me.
He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane.
➢ 方式副词用在及物动词前或动词和宾语后面或句尾
He left quietly the room (误)
He quietly left the room.
He left the room quietly.
He read the letter slowly
➢ 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：（及物动词）
He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎
➢ 有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, g
enerously, kindly, secretly, simply等)
位于动词之前（动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词）和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化
The snack of that place tastes wonderfully good.
They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。
He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。
➢ 方式副词用在所修饰的形容词或副词前
It is really important.
The tree grows wonderfully fast.
➢ 方式副词用在BE与分词之间或句尾
He is reading loudly the newspaper(错误)
He is loudly reading the newspaper
He is reading the newspaper loudly
➢ 方式副词在句首,加强语气
Quickly I picked up the gun.
程度副词表示动词、形容词或其他副词的程度
如：too(太), very(非常), much(很), almost(几乎), nearly(几乎), enough(充分), hardly(几乎不)
little,rather,so,too,still,quite,perfectly,enough,extremely,entirely,almost,slightly.
I will miss you very much.
➢ 程度副词用在实义动词前（修饰动词，fairly, pretty, very，much不能修饰），Be动词、助动词、情态动词之后
I almost forgot to bring my keys.
I quite agree with you
We rather like the film
➢ 程度副词用在助动词与主要动词之间
➢ I could hardly believe it.
➢ 程度副词用在形容词或副词前,enough除外。
He drives very carefully. very 不能修饰动词
He is old enough to go to school. enough位于所修饰的形容词之后。
➢ 程度副词much(...得多), even(更加)可在形容词或副词的比较级之前作修饰语。
This question is much more difficult than that one.
Canada is even larger than the United States.
Houses are much more expensive these days.
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here.
➢ 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：
It’s quite [rather] a good idea.
It’s a quite [rather] good idea.
➢ 程度副词修饰序数词（名词）
I see you standing there almost one hour.
我看见你站在那儿整整一小时了。
They are going to stay here fully six months.
他们将要在这里停留整六个月。
地方副词表示地方或方向
here(这里), there(那里), outdoors(在户外), out(在外), home(在家), abroad(在国外)
➢ 地方副词用在主要动词后
After work he went home.
➢ 若两个地方副词同时出现,则小地方在前,大地方在后。
Ribb was born at Sydney in Australia.
➢ here, there作地方副词可放在句首,用以加强语气
Here I am.
left my book at home ：home 在这个句子中作名词，所以介词+名词=介宾结构
left it here ：here 是这儿在这句子中作副词
➢ HOME这个词比较特殊，既可以作为副词，也可以作为名词
当你感觉HOME是家时，一般它是名词，而它是在家时，一般是副词
go back home left my book at home
stay at home
时间副词表示时间或期间
➢ 时间副词用在句尾,或句首today, yesterday，tomorrow位于句首或句尾
I went to the bar yesterday
I shall go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow
I shall go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow
He went home yesterday.
Yesterday he went home.
He went to Paris recently.
He recently went to Paris.
Recently he went to Paris.
➢ 句中若出现多个时间副词,短时间在前,长时间在后
It took place at 4 o'clock on the 4th of May, 1896.
➢ 表示时间的副词或副词片语前不加介系词或定冠词
He will be back on next Monday. (误)next 是副词
He will be back the next Monday.(误)
He will be back next Monday. (正)
➢ Still(还,仍然), yet(还,仍然)等是特殊的时间副词,一般用于强调某种句型,
still表示动作或状态的持续作\"仍然\"讲,
Yet用于疑问句作\"已经\"讲,用于否定句作\"还\"讲。
I am still standing.
Is everything ready yet?
➢ still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)
He’s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。
I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
➢ 动词等之前：
当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助
She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。
I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：
I still don’t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：
Are you on page one still? 你还在看第1页？
Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了？
频率副词是表示与次数,频率有关的副词
Always,usually ,sometimes ,seldom ,once ,twice ,
I decide to call you twice a day.
➢ 频率副词用在be，助动词、情态动词之后。
It is usually hot in summer.
➢ 频率副词用在实意动词前
He often does this.
My father usually walks home.
➢ 频率副词用在助动词与实意动词之间。
I will always love you.
➢ 频率副词用在ought to 之间。
You ought often to write to your mother.
➢ 在答句中,频率副词必须放在助动词前
Do you often go there?
Yes, I do often.(误
Yes, I often do.
➢ never(从不), seldom(很少,不常)用于句首时,句子要用倒装形式以加强语气
Never have I been there. 我从未去过那里
Seldom do I watch TV 我很少看电视
➢ 前。如：
频度副词always总是位于否定词之后，不可位于否定句之
Things are not always what they seem to be.
外表往往是靠不住的。
Silence must not always be read as consent.
沉默并不见得一定意味着同意。
➢
定词之后。如：
频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前，不可位于否
Jim is sometimes not very punctual.
吉姆有时不太准时。
Debbie is sometimes not responsible for what she does.
戴比有时对她所做的事不负责任。
肯定否定副词表示肯定或否定意义
如:yes(是的), no(不), not(不), never(绝不), surely(当然地), certainly(一定地)等,主要修饰全句或动词。
➢ 肯定副词与否定副词不能同时出现
I will not be back until next Friday.
Is he not a student?
Yes, he is not a student. (误)
No, he is not a student.
➢ 否定副词必须接在第一个助动词后
You should have not asked this question yesterday。（误）
You should not have asked this question yesterday. （正）
➢ 否定副词如never, scarcely在句首(表否定)句子要用倒装形式,表示加强语气
scarcely does he wear glasses though he is near-sighted.
虽然他近视,但他很少戴眼镜。
➢ 疑问副词是问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词
疑问副词用在句首
How long will you stay there? 你将在那里待多久?
How long have you been staying in America? 你在美国待多久了?
➢ 疑问副词在句中引导名词子句
I want to know where she has gone.
➢ 疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主语、宾语或主语补语
How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache.
How to solve the problem作主语。
I don't know how to answer the question.
how to answer the question作宾语。
The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it.
这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。
where to get it作主语补语。
➢ 疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主语、宾语或主语补语。
When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet.
我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。
When we are to start the competition作主语。
她问她丈夫去哪里了。
where he had been 作宾语。
The question is when we can finish our work.
问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作
when we can finish our work作主语补语。
关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用。
➢ 关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先行词,关系副词要放在先行词之后
➢ 关系副词主要有四个,即when, where, why, how。此外the也可作关系副词引导副词子句
Would you please tell me the way how I can get to the zoo?
你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?the way是先行词。
This is the place where(that) I first met her.
这是我第一次见到她的地方。
It is the place where(that) my grandmother was born.
那是我祖母出生的地方。
➢ 在口语中that可以充当关系副词,代替when, why, how,只有先行词是the place时,才可代替where。
When should we start to work?
The sooner (we start), the better (it will be).
我们该开什么时候应始工作? 越早越好
the作关系副词是引导副词子句,句子结构一般为:
The+比较级...+the+比较级...,
第一个the是关系副词。
➢ time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行词时可以被省略,其后的子句不再是形容词子句,而变成名词子句或副词子句
This is where he was born.
where he was born是名词子句。
This is the place where he was born. （可用that替换 ）
where he was born是形容词子句。
I'll meet her at the place where I first met her.
我将在第一次见到她的地方见她。
where I first met her是形容词子句
I'll meet her where I first met her.
where I first met her是副词子句。
➢ 关系副词有限定用法,指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词
We were very happy in those days when we studied in school
我们在学校里上学的那些日子里很快乐。
➢ 关系副词有补述用法,即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句,主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充,前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。
Tom got married the day before yesterday, when it was his birthday too.
汤姆前天结婚了,那天也是他的生日。
wherever,whenever,however是{复合关系副词,表示\"不论\引导一个修饰主要子句里的动词的副词子
句,可加强语气或表示让步。
Wherever he goes, he would bring an umbrella with him.
不论他去哪里,他都带着一把雨伞
连接副词起对等连接词的作用,连接两个句子或子句
however, so, then, therefore。
Finally I have never been there so I don't know much about it.
➢ 连接副词通常位于子句的句首,有的也可位于句中
They talked about it for hours. Finally, they decided to go。
Finally作为连接副词,放在句子的句首。
I have never been to Wales. I, therefore, don't know much about it.
therefore作为连接副词,位于句子的句中。
有些连接副词的含义彼此相同或相近,在使用时可以互相替换,而不会改变原句的含义
The weather was cold. Therefore(Thus), we stayed home.
➢ 有些连接副词的含义彼此相同或相近,在使用时可以互相替换,而不会改变原句的含义
The weather was cold. Therefore(Thus), we stayed home.
therefore和thus的含义相近,因而也可以互相替换。
少数副词可以修饰名词及名词同等语,通常放在被修饰名词的前面
副词修饰基数词时,一般置于被修饰的数词之前。
程度副词修饰基数词时,一般置于被修饰的数词之前。
also, very, even, just, only, not, nearly, especially, exactly, simply, rather, quite等。
I see you standing there almost one hour.
我看见你站在那儿整整一小时了。
They are going to stay here fully six months.
他们将要在这里停留整六个月。
注意
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，和副词 但不能修饰动词。
I very like English.
I like English very much
注意：副词enough要放在形容词或副词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可
She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
当几个副词用在一起时，通常的顺序是状态副词——地点副词——时间副词
They worked well here yesterday.
他们昨天在这里工作得很好。
He arrived safely the day before yesterday.
他前天安全地到达此地。
如果副词是修饰整句的话，就放在句首
Fortunately he succeeded in it. 幸运地他成功了
Truly it is an important affair. 这的确是一件重要的事。
在the+副词比较级的形式中，副词放在句首
The sooner you come, the better it will be .
你来得越早越好。
The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.
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