Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb
1. prize
n. (for) 奖品，奖赏，奖金
. 那些男孩子为赢得奖品而互相竞争。
The boys competed with each other for the prize.
adj.
that has won a prize得奖的，获奖的
. 她是最有希望得奖的女孩。
She is the most likely girl to win the prize.
2. 奖品的，作为奖品的 given as a prize
. 他要用这笔奖金支付我的部分学费。
He will use the prize money to help pay for my education.
3. 一流的，完全的 infml, often humor complete
. 她总是把事情弄糟；她是个不折不扣的大笨蛋。
She always makes a mess of things; she’s a prize idiot.
Vt.
[T] to value highly珍视；珍爱
. (1) 这男孩子把他的自行车看作最宝贵的财产。
The boy’s bicycle was his most prized possession.
(2) 他把我的友谊看得比其他什么更宝贵。
He prized my friendship above everything else.
注：课文中prize adj. 珍贵的，宝贵的
2. possession n.
[c, often pl. ] a piece of personal property 个人财产，私人财物
. 人们不得不收拾起仅有的一点财物，逃到山里去。
The people had to gather up their few possessions and escape to the hills.
2. [u] (~of) the state of having, holding, or owning something; ownership占有，持有，拥有
. 他被发现藏有危险药品。
He was found in possession of dangerous drugs.
possess v. (not in progressive form) 拥有，占有，具有（某种品质）
3. keep
动词keep的宾语可使用形容词，现在分词和过去分词这样的结构，来表达“使……处于某种状态、条件、姿势”等意义的句子中，如：
. (1) 她那样抱着双臂以使自己暖和些。
She ‘s holding her arms like that to keep her warm.
(2) 狼使我们整夜无法入睡。
All the night we were kept awake by wolves.
(3) 对不起，让你久等了。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting long.
(4) 那些门似乎总是锁着。
It seemed that those doors were kept permanently locked.
在这样的结构中，宾语后的形容词、现在分词和过去分词作动词keep的宾语补足语。
4. tie v. tied; tying (present participle)
1. [T] to fasten with a cord, rope, etc[用绳、带等] 系、拴、扎、捆
. (1) 把这标签系到你的手提箱上。
Tie this label onto your suitcase.
(2) 她把马拴在一棵树上。
She tied her horse to a tree.
tie……to…… 把……拴/系在……
2. [T] to fasten by drawing together and knotting把[带子等] 打结，系上
. 你学会系自己的鞋带了吗
Could you tie your own shoe laces yet
n.
also 又作necktie esp. AmE 领带，领结
2. a cord, string, etc. used for fastening sth.（捆扎东西的）绳子，带子
3.[usua. pl.] something that unites; bond联系，关系
. (1) 亲属关系
family ties
(2) 友好关系
ties of friendship
5. fetch vt.
拿来
. (1) 我不想让你去给我拿任何东西。
I don’t want you to fetch anything for me.
(2) 我又去拿了一个杯子。
I went and fetched another glass.
注：fetch是去某处去拿某物，而bring是将某物带到你所在的地方。试比较：
如果你去厨房，请顺便给我带杯水过来，行吗
If you are going to the kitchen, would you mind bringing me a glass of water please
(2) 请给我倒杯水。
Please fetch me a glass of water.
而 take 则是将某物从此处拿到另一处
. 把这杯水拿给你父亲。
Take this glass of water to your father.
2. 请来，接
. 每天下午他都在她回家的路上接她。
Every afternoon he fetches her on her way home.
6. missing adj. that cannot be found; not in the proper or expected place;
lost找不到的，丢失的
. 这个报告遗漏了一些重要的数字。
Some important figures are missing from this report.
lost adj.
that cannot be found by the owner遗失的，丢失的
. 走失的狗
a lost dog
2. unable to find the way迷路的
. 我在雪中迷了路。
I got lost in the snow.
3. no longer possessed or existing失去的，不复存在的
. (1) 逝去的青春
one’s lost youth
(2) 失传的艺术
a lost art
4. not used, obtained, or won 错过的；未好好利用的；没能赢得的
. 错过的机遇
a lost opportunity
7. missing and lost
注：这两个动词都可以表示“丢失”，“失去”的意思。
lose 语气较强，一般指失去不易找回。miss 有“发现失去”的意思，指东西找不到，但有找到的希望。
. (1) The man lost a leg in the war.
那个人在战争中失去了一条腿。
(2) She missed her child in the street.
她在街上把孩子丢了。
在很多情况下两者可互相替换。
. (1) I have lost my umbrella.
我把伞丢了。
(2) On my way home, I missed my umbrella.
回家路上，我发觉我的伞不见了。
作定语时，lose 用过去分词形式，miss 用现在分词形式。例如：
. 他们立即出发去寻找丢失的女孩。
They set out to look for the missing girl at once.
miss 可以表示“想念”的意思，lose则不能。
. 你不在时我们都会想念你的。
We shall all miss you when you go away.
adj.
(to) easy to see and understand; clear; which must be recognized明显的，明白的，显著的，显而易见的
.每个人都明白他在撒谎。
It was obvious to everyone that he was lying.
adv. obviously明显地，显著地，显而易见地
9. set out
to leave a place and begin a journey出发；动身；启程
. 他们动身踏上最后一段行程。
They set out on the last stage of their journey.
2. to begin a job, task, etc. with a particular aim or goal (怀着目标) 开始工作，展开任务
. (1) 她一心努力要打破世界纪录。
She set out to break the world record.
(2) 他们实现了既定的目标。
They succeeded in what they set out to do.
10. it would not prove difficult 是不难做到的
prove 是连系动词，作“证明是”讲，本句子与it would not be difficult相同
11. theft n.
[c; u] (an example of) the crime of taking someone else’s property from a place; stealing偷窃，盗窃；窃案
. 这座大楼保了火险和失窃险。
The building has been insured against fire and theft.
thief n. (pl. thieves) a person who steals, esp. without using violence (尤指不使用暴力的) 小偷，(窃)贼
12. acquire v.
[T] to gain or come to possess, esp. by one’s own work, skill, or action, often over a long period of time (尤指通过个人的工作、技艺、行动等而) 取得，获得，得到
. (1) 我设法弄到了两张音乐会的票。
I managed to acquire two tickets for the concert.
(2) 公司最近在伦敦市中心弄到了新的办公室。
The company has recently acquired new offices in central London.
13. accuse v.
[T (of) ] to charge (someone) with doing wrong or breaking the law指责，谴责；控告，告发
. (1) 他被控犯了谋杀罪。
He was accused of murder.
(2) 你是在指责我欺骗吗
Are you accusing me of cheating
accuse ……of 因……指控/指责， 用accuse表达的“指责/指控”通常比较直接、尖锐，但所指控/指责的事情也可能并不是很严重，如：
. 她指责我工作中粗枝大叶。
She accused me of being careless in my work.
在“指控”较严重的事情上，accuse类同于charge,但后者更强调有“正式的法律程序”之意。此外，这两个词在结构使用上不同，比较：
.(1)他因受贿被指控。
He was accused of taking bribes.
(2) 那商人因哄抬物价被指控。
The merchant was charged with jacking up prices.
注意：
应使用accuse ……of……或 charge……with……
14. had better 最好，其后需使用不带to 的动词不定式，用于指现在和将来，不指过去。
. 要打算天黑前到家，我们就得加快点。
We ‘d better hurry up if we want to get home before dark.
had better为固定搭配形式，在任何情况下不可将had改为have.
此外，其否定形式是将否定词not置于better之后，而非had之后，如：
. 你进来时最好不要弄醒他。
You’d better not wake him up when you come in.
15. or conj.
if not ; otherwise否则，要不然
. (1) 穿上你的外衣，要不你会觉得冷的。
Wear your coat or you’ll be cold.
(2) 他不可能病了，否则他就不回来了。
He can’t be ill, or he wouldn’t have come.
(3) 要不(你)道歉，要不滚出去！
Either say you’re sorry or get out.
2. often with either; used before the last of a set of possibilities（常与either一起用在一组可能性的最后一个之前）或，还是
. (1) 你喜欢咖啡还是茶
Would you prefer coffee or tea
(2) 他不是二十一岁就是二十二岁。
He is either 21 or 22.
16. deny vt.
否认
. (1) 格林夫妇否认对他们的全部指控。
The Greens denied all the charges brought against them.
(2) 他否认他应对那一事故负责。
He denied that he was responsible for the accident.
(3) 杰克否认做过任何违法的事情。
Jack denied doing anything illegal.
注：从上述例句中可以看出，在deny一词后可跟名词宾语、that从句或v-ing结构。
2. 拒绝给予，拒绝某人的要求。
.他未能得到一个公正、公开的审判。
He was denied a fair and open trial.
注：此意时deny后面跟双宾语。
17. 动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不可使用动词不定式作宾语，常见的此类用法的动词有：
admit (承认), appreciate (欣赏), avoid (避免), consider (考虑), enjoy (欣赏，喜欢), excuse (原谅), finish (完成), give up (放弃), can’t help (忍不住), imagine (想象), mention (提及), mind (在意), put off (推迟), can’t stand (不能忍受), suggest
(建议)等，如：
. (1) 他一直在考虑到国外找个工作。
He has been considering getting a job abroad.
(2) 原谅我打扰了您的工作，但……
Excuse my interrupting your work, but ……
18. Ashamed of having acted so rashly (由于) 为刚才鲁莽的行为感到惭愧。
可被视为省略了分词being的短语形式，在句子中做原因状语。实际上，英语中单独使用形容词或形容词短语构成各类状语的情况很常见，如：
表示原因
. 由于担心被淋雨，他他出去时带上了雨衣。
Afraid of getting into the rain, he took the raincoat with him when he went out.
2. 表示情况或方式
. 他满脸通红，气喘吁吁地跑进了屋子。
Flushed and breathless, he rushed into the house.
3. 表示时间
. 情绪好时，他是很健谈的。
High in spirits, she is very talkative.
adj. (of) feeling shame or guilt because of something done.羞耻的，内疚的，惭愧的
be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧
. (1) 他为他所做的事情感到极为羞愧。
He‘s much ashamed of what he has done.
(2) 他因对她说了谎而感到内疚。
He was ashamed of having lied to her.
(3) 他很惭愧自己说了谎。
He was ashamed that he had lied.
(4) [+to do] 他们不光彩的行为是我耻于做英国人。
Their disgraceful behaviour made me ashamed to be British!
20. rash adj. (~to do sth.) (of people or their actions) doing sth that may not be sensible without first thinking about the possible results; done in this way轻率地，鲁莽的
. 鲁莽的年轻人
a rash young man
adv. rashly
vi. 道歉，认错
apologize to……for……因……向……道歉
. (1) 男孩因打碎了邻居家的窗户向他们道歉。
The boy apologized to his neighbour for having broken the window.
(2) 他为迟到而向我认错。
He apologized to me for being late.
22. astonish v. [T] to fill with great surprise and perhaps disbelief使吃惊，使惊讶
. (1) 他又被提升了吗-真让我吃惊！
He’s been promoted again –You astonish me!
(2) 听到这个消息[他通过了驾驶考试]，我们都感到十分惊讶。
-We were all astonished by the news that he had passed his driving test.
-We were all astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test.
astonishment n. [u] great surprise or wonder 惊异，惊讶
. 使我们大为惊讶的是他竟然准时到达了。
To our astonishment, he actually arrived on time.
23. dye v. (dyes, dyed, dyeing) [T] to give a (different) colour to (something) by means of dye给……染色；把……染成(……色)
. (1) 他染头发。 He dyes his hair.
(2) 她把连衣裙染成绿色。She dyed the dress green.
(3) 夕阳染红了天空。Sunset dyed the sky red.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容