一、学习目标
1.通过学习英语基本的句子结构，能够帮助你明白纷繁复杂折英语句子到底有什么规律，今后看到再复杂的句子都可以不发怵，从容地把它们拆开再安装。
2.通过学习句子结构，我们会明白英语其实只是由五个简单句子为基础而构造的一门语言。在此基础上，我们可以随意组成并列句和复合句（也就是用从句来充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语而已）。
3.学为划分句子成分，统一为下列符号：主语、谓语、宾语、（定语）、<宾语补足语>、【状语】。 二、五种简单句
1. S + Vi. (主语+不及物动词)，
注：简单句句型指的是主谓宾和宾语等主干成分，定语、状语这两个次要成分没关系。 Tom left. Winter is coming. His father has gone abroad. The baby is crying in the next room. He works in a big company.
We have lived in the cities for ten years. 请仿写几个句子： 1）我们必须努力学习。
2) 我经常头痛。
3）那家水果店已经关门了。
4）你昨天游泳了吗？
2. S+ Vt. + O (主语+及物动词+宾语) I like pop music.
She knows what to do next.
I usually do my homework at home in the evening. He began learning English 10 years ago. He has decided to work harder at English. 5）你喜欢苹果吗？
6）我记得他的电话号码。
7）老师说良好的开端是成功的一半。
3. S + V + P (主语+连系动词+表语) She is happy today. She felt happy.
My father is a math teacher.
The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning. Please keep silent.
注：表语通常由形容词、名词充当。
思考一下：连系动词有哪些？大致可分为几类？
8）这故事听起来很有趣。
9）他似乎不高兴。
10）他的愿望是上一个好大学。
4. S+ Vt.+O+ O (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) He teaches us chemistry. Please tell me your phone number. Father bought me a new bicycle.
The farmer taught the boy how to plant a tree. 思考一下：你知道哪些动词后面可加两个宾语？
11）爸爸上周给我买了辆自行车。
12）你能把糖递给我吗？
13）妈妈给我做了一件新衣服。
5. S+Vt.+O+ C (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语) We must keep the room clean.
He was watching the boys playing football. He watched the boys play football.
When he came in, he found the old man dead.
→He came in. He found the old man dead.
→He came in and (he) found the old man dead. 14). 太阳使我们保暖。
15). 我们发现我们学校很漂亮。
16). 这个消息使他很不高兴。
三、并列句
两个或两个以上简单句合在一起就成了并列句。
1. 表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…等连接。 He came in. He found the old man dead. ---- He came in and (he) found the old man dead. 2. 表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…等。 Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3. 表示转折，常用的连词有but, while (而)等。 The car is old, but it runs very fast. 4. 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。
August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 四、复合句
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
从句按其在复合句中的作用，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。 1.主语从句 That he’ll come to the party makes us happy. 2.宾语从句 I wonder what I can do for you.
3.表语从句 My advice is that you should study harder. 4.同位语从句 We’ve known the news that our team won. 5.定语从句 This is the man whom I’m looking for. 6.状语从句 Tom is absent from school because he is ill.
Though he is old, he runs 3 kilometres every day.
五、巩固练习
（一）指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students got on the school bus. ①_______②________ 2. I shall answer your question after class. ①_______②________ 3. What a beautiful Chinese painting! ①_______ 4. Tom came to ask me for advice. ①_______
5. He found it important to master English. ①_______②________③_______
6. Do you have anything else to say? ①_______②________③_______ 7. He became a teacher at the age of twenty-one. ①_______②________ 8. Would you please tell me your address? ①_______②________③_______
9. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. ①_______②________③_______ 10. We must keep it a secret. ①_______②________
(二)判断下列句子是简单名、并列句还是复合句。有实力的同学还可以划一下句子成分。 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a table and some chairs in this room.
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at
seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. I don’t understand what he said at the meeting. 9. How diligent that girl is!
10. He wants to be a writer but I want to be a scientist.
（三）按要求改写句子
1. Mr. Gray didn’t go to Beijing yesterday. His wife didn’t go there, either. （用neither…nor…连成一句）
________ Mr. Gray _________ his wife _______ to Beijing.
2. He went to bed after he had finished his homework. （改为含状语从句的复合句） He ________ go to bed _________ he had finished his homework. 3. Betty won’t agree with me. (用I think把这句改成宾语从句)
_____________________________________________________________.
4. His father is a teacher. His mother is a teacher, too. (用not only…but also…连成一句) _____________________________________________________________
5. The nut is too hard for your granny to eat. (用so…that…改为含状语从句的复合句) The nut is ________ hard ________ your granny ________ ________ it.
6. Tom didn’t come to school yesterday. He was ill. (用because改为含状语从句的复合句) _____________________________________________________________.
7. Henry is only three years old. He can speak English very fluently. (用though改为含状语从句的复合句)
_____________________________________________________________.
答案：
同步翻译：
1) We must study hard. 2) My head often aches.
3) That fruit has already closed. 4) Did you swim yesterday? 5) Do you like apples?
6) I remember his telephone number.
7) The teacher said that well begun is half done. 8) The story sounds very interesting. 9) He seems unhappy.
10) His wish is to go to a good university.
11) My father bought me a bike last week./ My father bought a bike for me last week. 12) Could you pass me the sugar?/ Could you pass the sugar to me?
13) My mother made me a new coat./ My mother made a new coat for me. 14) The sun keep us warm.
15) We find our school very beautiful. 16) The news made him very unhappy. 巩固练习： （一） 略
（二） 分析句子 1、3、4、9简单句 5、7、10并列句 2、6、8复合句
（三）按要求改写句子
1. Neither Mr. Gray nor his wife went to Beijing.
2. He didn’t’ go to bed until he had finished his homework. 3. I don’t think Betty will agree with me.
4. Not only his father but also his mother is a teacher. 5. The nut is so hard that your granny can’t eat it.
6. Tom didn’t come to school yesterday because he was ill. 7. Though Henry is only three years old, he can speak English
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