1.
单词障碍型
单词障碍型是大多数同学基本上都会出现的问题，由于词汇量不够，导致一个句子中过半单词都不认识，如何能够读懂句子？同时，除去一些难词咱们可能不认识之外，还有可能存在这样一种情况，即一词多义不清楚。
比如，咱们来看一句话：Can you can a can like a caner can can a can?
这句话冷眼一看，so easy啊！不就是can么？但是如果叫你来翻译一下，你看一看能不能翻译出来呢？是不是在皱着眉头呢？同学们，这就是一词多义最常见的体现，can这个单词，除了我们熟悉的作为情态动词表示“能，可能”之外，还有很多种意思。
我们在这里积累一下：can可以作为名词，表示“易拉罐，罐，听”的意思；can可以作为动词，同学们知道“名词活用为动词”这样的用法，因此我们可以轻松推断，can动词表示“装罐”的意思；那么caner你是不是猜出来什么意思了呢？-er表示“……的人”，即“装罐工人”之意。
现在单词问题解决了，我们来看一看这句话怎么理解呢？“你能像一个装罐工人一样装一个易拉罐吗？”你翻译对了没？单词积累，尤其对于一词多义的单词一定要重点记忆。每天身边带一个小本子，积累下你不会的单词，坚持下来，就会成就你自己的词汇城堡。
2. 语法障碍型
在长难句解读的过程中，你也会遇到这样一种情况：一句话所有的单词我都认识，但就是翻译不出来到底是啥意思。这样的现象出现的原因是语法障碍。语法不是语言学习的全部，但却是语言学习的工具。单词全会，句子仍然不会，原因就是句中包含了复杂的语法结构，比如说三大从句“宾语从句”“定语从句”“状语从句”会贯穿在长难句中，无法分清什么句子类型，便不知道冒出来的一句一句话都是干什么的，那么理解这句话就会出现困难，因此，语法一定要学好，尤其是三大从句，是我们做阅读完形理解文章的重要工具。
比如，在这里我们一起来看一个句子：
I find my thoughts on how much you have done for me，but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you.
我相信大多数同学对于这句话中的单词都没有问题，随便就揪出一个一定知道什么意思，然而在经过加工进入不同从句中时，顿时脑子就蒙了。那么我们应该如何解决这样的问题呢？让我们一步一步走。拿到一个长难句，看到复杂的句子结构，我们要：找连词，分句子，宾从顺着翻，定从找先行，状从最后看。
我们一起来分析这句话：but告诉我们，前后两句话是并列句，因此我们分开两句话来看。but前半句中，how much you have done for me是在介词on后的，我们都知道介词后面的句子是宾语从句，知道这点就好办了，直接按顺序翻译，因此前半句我们翻译为：我发现我的一直在想的是你为我做了多少事情；but后半句中你又会发现这句话里还有个and，仍然找连词，分句子，and前是一个简单句直接翻译即可，and后面包含一个什么从句呢？how much I feel the need to thank you.“我有多需要去感谢你”是不是作为said的内容？那么我们可以断定这句话是宾语从句，因此顺翻but后半句：但是我从来都没有停下来去告诉你我有多么的感谢你。是不是很简单呢？
3. 英语语言习惯不熟悉型
任何一门语言代表的其实都是一种文化，因为文化的不同，我们很多语言习惯也是不同的。
比如what’s going on there?很多孩子第一次见到这种句子不知道是什么意思，go on是继续的意思？这继续什么了？你会发现无论怎么解释都是不通的，为什么呢？这就是我们所说的习惯用法。What is going on表达的就是“发生了什么事情”这样的意思，很简单，但如果你不知道，一定会被难住。
为了培语言习惯，我建议大家平时有时间多看一些美剧，欧美电影，跟重要的，保证每周至少翻译一篇文章，在翻译的过程中会强化词汇在语境中的意义，锻炼句子结构分析，更能够让大家习惯英文表达，使得今后在阅读过程中速度提升的同时，更能精准的理解意思。
4. 长难句分析方法
对句子的理解一般包含两个层次，第一个层次是对句子本身含义的理解，这需要读者对句子的结构以及高考命题人组织长难句的方法有基本的把握和正确的认识；第二个层次是对句子弦外之音的感悟，理解句子对下文内容和文章结构的指示作用。这两个层次可以通过语法分析和语义提取得以实现。
长难句的语法分析
分析长难句的核心思想就是“提取主干”。再复杂的句子也是由一个个部分组成的，其中重要的是句子的主干，一般包括主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是文章在传递信息时的主要载体，而其它成分，不论有多长多复杂，都不过是起辅助作用的成分罢了。语法分析可以按照下列步骤来操作：
1、首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句。
2、找出连词和关键词，确定句与句之间的关系，分清主句和从句。
3、分析主句与从句的成分，识别谓语动词，判断谓语动词的时态语态和语气，接着看该句是否有倒装、省略、插入成分、独立成分、同位成分等。
4、分析主句与从句、从句与从句之间的关系。同时，考虑上下文、文化背景，从总体上把握句子的字面含义以及字里行间的深层意思。
长难句的语义提取
一般来说，除了语言学家，人们对自己母语的语法知识可以说是知之甚少。然而当我们阅读本族语的时候，也能够很轻易的看懂一些从语法角度来说很复杂的句子，这显然不是语法分析的结果。这是因为人们对自己的母语有着丰富的语言经验，接触过不计其数的语言材料，对其中信息的提取已经习惯成自然。同理，我们也可以通过丰富自己的英语语言经验来提高自己阅读英语长难句的能力。有意识地、有针对性地进行长难句训练，反复进行忽略语法的快速浏览，就能够达到在阅读时对原句各成分自动拆分组合，把零碎的信息点拼成有机的信息流的水平。
实战训练方法
1)从真题中选取有代表性的长难句，每篇文章找出2—3个。 2)将这些长难句收集到一起，打印或者抄下下来。
3)反复阅读，最好能够达到熟能成诵的境界，注意在此过程中不进行任何语法分析。在头脑中把英语句子中各成分拆分，然后把这些概念组合成可以理解的汉语句子就可以了。
4)将真题中的长难句都如此练习一番，长难句就基本攻破了，之后，我们将会进入到一个阅读的新境界！
课后练习
As I walked through Beijing's Houhai neighborhood, something green caught my eye. Sprouts(豆芽), mushrooms(蘑菇) and flowers all came out on people's heads,. I was so surprised at the craziness that a lot of people have plants come out on their heads.
The trend(潮流) was a great chance for business. Merchants(小贩) stood on street comers' selling all kinds of plastic(塑料的) mushrooms and sprouts. Three yuan for one sprout, five for a pair. Customers put what they bought onto their heads and walked off, and the sprouts danced happily on people's head. China Daily also reported that one Taobao merchant sold 28,850
hairpins(发夹) in a month.
The strange trend had been popular for 2 months in China. I wanted to find out what was behind the strange hairpins. I went to the 798 Art District to do some research, There were tons of tourists with sprouts on heads, and a shopkeeper told me that the film Monster Hunt was the cause of the popularity. The 2015 Chinese movie featured a cute little monster with a patch of moss(苔藓)on the top of his head.
CNN reported in a different way: The idea of the hairpins came from a Japanese cartoon character. One smiling face has a pair of green leaves growing on its head. The trend was catching great attention from all over the world. Major newspapers like The Wall Street Journal and The Telegraph showed their confusion over the strange trend and they said they really couldn't understand why Chinese people were so crazy.
Some people think perhaps the hairpins are a symbol of the cute and childlike \"meng\" culture. Others believe they are the symbol of the love for cartoons. Who knows? In fact, nobody cares about it. After all, beauty is mysterious(神秘的). What is it on your head?
1. From the passage, we know the strange hairpin was a great chance for_______________.
A. business B. tourism C. environment D. big stores 2. The underlined word \"confusion\" in Paragraph Four means .
A.愤怒 B.遗憾 C.惊讶 D困惑 3. We can know from the passage that .
A. the strange hairpin may show people's wishes to protect the environment B. merchants sold all kinds of wooden sprouts and mushrooms C. a lot of people want to know why people wear the hairpins. D. the strange hairpin may come from a Korean cartoon 4. The best title of this passage is . A. A Strange Trend in China B. Chinese Special Hairpins C. Chinese Strange Culture D. Mysterious Beauty 参考答案：1A 2D 3C 4B
A boy had a place at the best school in town. In the morning, Grandfather took his grandson to the school. When the boy and his grandfather went into the playground- the children came up.
'\"What a funny old man,'\" one boy said, making a face. \"Hey, fatty (胖子),\"' another one shouted.
The children jeered at the two and jumped up and down. Without saying a word, the old man took his grandson out of that school gate. \"Wonderful, I don't have to go to school!'' the boy said.
\"You do. but not this one,\" his grandfather replied. \"I'll find you a school myself. '\" Grandfather took his grandson back to his own house, asked Grandmother to look after him, and then off to look for a school himself.
Every time he got to a school, the old man went into a playground, and waited for the children to come out at break time. In some schools the children completely ignored (不理会) the old man.
and in others, they made fun of him. When this happened, he would turn sadly and go home. Finally, he went into the very small playground of a very small school, and stood tiredly against the wall. The bell rang, and the children got out into the playground.
“Sir, are you all right? Shall I bring you something to drink?” a voice said.
“We've got a bench in the playground-come and sit down,” came another voice.
Soon a young teacher came out into the playground. The old man greeted him and said, “Finally, I've found my grandson the best school in town.”
1. The underlined phrase “jeered at” probably means “____________”
A. listened to B. laughed at C. cheered up D. fought against
2. The grandson felt ____________ when his grandfather took him out of the school gate.
A. worried B. happy C. bored D. proud
3. When the old stood on the very small school playground, the children __________.
A. shouted at him B. made fun of him C. were polite to him D. ignored him 4. We can see the old man judges(判断) a school by its ____________.
A. students B. teachers C. buildings D. playground 参考答案：BBCA
When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.
I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I wailed and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.
Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. \"You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you,\" said the woman. \"It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no.\"
Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.
I would like to say \"thank you\" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.
1. When did the story probably happen?
A. Before Christmas Day. B. On Christmas Day. C. On New Year’s Day. D. After New Year’s Day. 2. When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in . A. with the writer B. by himself
C. with the woman D. with his friends 3. What happened to Mark in the supermarket?
A. His gifts were stolen. B. He broke his basket. C. He lost his money. D. He lost his way.
4. Why did the writer want to say \"thank you\" to the woman?
A. Because she bought Mark a nice present. B. Because she always paid money for others. C. Because she collected clothes for the homeless.
D. Because she taught Mark to help people in need. 5. What’s the best title for this passage?
A. A big supermarket B. A kind woman C. A happy family D. A wonderful gift 参考答案：ABCDB
That cold January night, it seemed I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theater. With opening night only a week away, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me.
As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away any possible robbers(抢劫犯). Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets.
About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling to the sidewalk.
Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to where I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found.
Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. “Is this what you’re looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape.
It was nearly 3 a.m. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had got my wallet back. I also had got back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other.
1. How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work? A Cold and sick B Lucky and hopeful
C Satisfied and cheerful D Disappointed and helpless 2. From the first paragraph, we learn that the writer was busy_____.
A solving her problem at the bank B taking part in various city jobs C learning acting in an evening school D preparing for the first night show 3. On her way home the writer_____ A lost her wallet unknowingly B was stopped by a garbage truck driver
C was robbed of her wallet by a man with a knife
D found some homeless people following her
4. In the fifth paragraph, why did the writer say she was dreaming? A Someone offered to take her back home B A red-haired man came to see her.
C She heard someone call her name D Her wallet was found in a garbage truck 5.From the text, we can infer that the writer_____
A would stop working at night
C would make friends with cleaners. 参考答案：DDACB
B would stay on in San Francisco D would give up her job at the bank
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