英国议会制辩论基本知识

The Debate Format 辩论模式 Four teams participate in each debate: two on the Proposition and two on the Opposition. Each team works 每场辩论由四队参加：正方两队，反方两队。independently to either support or oppose the motion. Each team is made up of two speakers; each speaker will 各队独立准备。每队两名辩手，每位辩手按如present a speech not to exceed 7 minutes in the order prescribed below. 下顺序陈词，不超7分钟。 Summary of the Debate Format Team 1st Proposition, 1st Speaker 1st Opposition, 1st Speaker 1st Proposition, 2nd Speaker 1st Opposition, 2nd Speaker 2nd Proposition, 1st Speaker 2nd Opposition, 1st Speaker 2nd Proposition, 2nd Speaker 2nd Opposition, 2nd Speaker

Summary of Speaker Roles and Responsibilities Common Titles for Speaker “Prime Minister” “Leader of the Opposition” “Deputy Prime Minister” “Deputy Leader of the Opposition” “Member for the Government” “Member for the Opposition” “Government Whip” “Opposition Whip” Time 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 7 minutes 辩手 辩论模式简要 辩手名称 首相 反对党领袖 副首相 反对党副领袖 内阁成员 反对党成员 内阁党鞭 反对党鞭 时间 7 分钟 7 分钟 7 分钟 7 分钟 7 分钟 7 分钟 7 分钟 7 分钟 正方一队，一辩 反方一队，一辩 正方一队，二辩 反方一队，二辩 正方二队，一辩 反方二队，一辩 正方二队，二辩 反方二队，二辩 辩手职责及义务小结 Team Opening Government OG（Upper House） Speaker “Prime Minister” (PM) Roles and Responsibilities 1. Define 2. Build a case (Status Quo) 3. Arguments(1-2) 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. Accept/Challenge Def. Rebuttals Build another case Arguments(1-2) Rebut LOO Defend OG case New arguments(1-2) Brief summary of OG. Rebut OG Defend OO case New arguments(1-2) Brief summary of OO 队伍 正方一队 （上议院） 辩手 职责与义务 1. 下定义 2. 建立观点模式 （通过现状表现） 3. 提论点（1-2个） 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 接受/质疑定义 反驳 建立另一个观点模式 提论点（1-2个） 反驳反对党领袖 捍卫本方观点模式 新论点（1-2个） 总结正方一队观点 反驳正方一队 捍卫本方观点模式 新论点（1-2个） 总结反方一对观点 首相 Opening Opposition OO（Upper House） “Leader of the Opposition” (LO) 反方一队 （上议院） 反对党领袖 Opening Government OG（Upper House） “Deputy Prime Minister” (DPM) 正方一队 （上议院） 副首相 1. Opening Opposition “Deputy Leader of the Opposition” 2. OO（Upper House） (DLO) 3. 4. Closing Government CG(Lower House) Closing Opposition CO(Lower House) Closing Government CG(Lower House) “Member for the Government” (MG) “Member for the Opposition” （MO） “Government Whip” （GW） 正方一队 （上议院） 反对党副领袖 1. Rebut OO. 2. Extend a new case 3. New arguments(1-3) 1. Rebut CG&OG 2. Extend a new case 3. New arguments(1-3) 正方二队 （下议院） 反方二队 （下议院） 内阁成员 1. 反驳反方一队 2. 延伸新观点模式 3. 新论点（1-3个） 1. 反驳正方二队和正方一队 2. 延伸新观点模式 3. 新论点（1-3个） 1. 反驳反方二队和反方一队 2. 总结冲突 3. 观点比较(没有新观点！) 1. 反驳正方二队和正方一队 2. 总结冲突 3. 观点比较（没有新观点！） 反对党成员 1. Rebut CO&OO. 正方二队 2. Summary of clashes （下议院） 3. Weigh arguments (NO NEW!) 1. Rebut CG&OG 2. Summary of clashes 3. Weigh arguments(NO NEW!) 反方二队 （下议院） 内阁党鞭 Closing Opposition CO(Lower House)

“Opposition Whip” (OW) 反对党鞭 Parliamentary Points of Information Debaters may offer a point of information (either verbally or by rising) at any time after the first minute, and before the last minute, of any speech. The debater holding the floor may accept or refuse points of information. If accepted, the debater making the request has fifteen seconds present the point of information. During the point of information, the speaking time of the floor debater continues. If accepted, the debater offering the point of information is allowed to ask a question, offer a brief argument, or offer a brief refutation of some point. The debater who accepted the point of information should respond to the point immediately. No other parliamentary points such as points of order or points of personal privilege are allowed. Speaker Roles and Speech Purposes Each speaker has a role and each speech should have a purpose. The descriptions of speaker roles and speech purposes listed below are suggestive and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive. For reasons that vary from debate to debate, speakers may sometimes need to fulfill roles not mentioned here and speeches may be constructed to serve other purposes as long as proposition speakers affirm the proposition and opposition speakers oppose it. Debaters will be judged on the overall strength of each team’s arguments, not simply on whether or not they fulfilled the roles and responsibilities listed in the table below. All speakers, except the final speakers for the proposition and opposition (Proposition and Opposition Whips), should introduce new material into the debate. All debaters, except the opening speaker (Prime Minister), should engage in refutation.

议会制辩论质询 在所有陈词中，除第一分钟及最后一分钟外，辩手都可以口头示意或直接起立提出质询。正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。一旦质询被接受，质询者有 15秒的时间陈述自己的意见。质询时间将被计算在陈词时间内。 如质询被接受，质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观点 进行简要反驳。正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。 议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。 辩手职责以及陈词目的 每位辩手在辩论中各司其职，每一次陈词也各有其目的。下表列出了辩手职责和陈词目的，但无法穷尽，也非硬性规定。根据每场辩论的具体情况，辩手可能需要履行下表未提及的职责，陈词目的也可能有所变化，但只要遵循“正方维护辩题、反方攻击辩题”的规则即可。裁判将根据各队论点的有力程度为各辩手评分，而不是简单地根据其完成自己职责的程度评分。以下列出的职责仅供参考。 除正反方最后一名辩手（内阁党鞭和反对党党鞭）外，所有的辩手都应引入新内容。除正方一辩（首相）外，所有辩手都应进行反驳。