氦硫氢铀
发布网友
共1个回答
热心网友
He
元素符号:He
中文名称:氦
英文名称:Helium
原子序数:2
原子量:4.003
外围电子排布:1s2
核外电子排布:2
常见化合价:0
密度:0.0001787
溶点:-272.2
沸点:-268.934
所属周期:1
所属族数:0
原子半径:0.49
离子半径:
共价半径:0.93
同位素及放射性:He-3 *He-4
发现人:Sir William Ramsey, Nils Langet, P.T.Cleve
发现时间:15
发现地点:苏格兰/瑞典
名称由来:Greek: h阬ios (sun).
元素描述:Light, odorless, colorless, tasteless inert gas. Second most abundant element in the universe. Sixth most abundant in the earth's atmosphere.
元素来源:Found in natural gas deposits & in the air (5 parts per billion) Constantly lost to space; replenished by radioactive decay (alpha particles).
元素用途:Used in balloons, deep sea diving & welding. Also used in very low temperature research.
S
元素符号:S
中文名称:硫
英文名称:Sulfur
原子序数:16
原子量:32.07
外围电子排布:3s2 3p4
核外电子排布:2,8,6
常见化合价:-2,+4,+6
密度:2.07
溶点:115.21
沸点:444.6
所属周期:3
所属族数:VIA
原子半径:1.09
离子半径:0.29(+6)
共价半径:1.02
同位素及放射性:*S-32 S-33 S-34 S-36
发现人:Known to the ancients.
发现时间:
发现地点:
名称由来:Latin: sulphur (brimstone).
元素描述:Tasteless, odorless, pale yellow, brittle solid. Tenth most abundant element in the universe.
元素来源:Found in pure form and in ores like cinnabar, galena, sphalerite and stibnite. Pure form is obtained from undergound deposits by the Frasch process.
元素用途:Used in matches, gunpowder, medicines, rubber and pesticides, dyes and insecticides. Also for making sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
H
元素符号:H
中文名称:氢
英文名称:Hydrogen
原子序数:1
原子量:1.008
外围电子排布:1s1
核外电子排布:1
常见化合价:+1,-1
密度:0.000088
溶点:-259.34
沸点:-252.87
所属周期:1
所属族数:IA
原子半径:0.79
离子半径:1.54(+1)
共价半径:0.32
同位素及放射性:*H-1 H-2 H-3(放 β)
发现人:Henry Cavendish
发现时间:1766
发现地点:英格兰
名称由来:Greek: hydro (water) and genes (generate)
元素描述:Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas. The most abundant element in the universe. Tenth most abundant element in the earth's crust.
元素来源:Commercial quantities are proced by reacting superheated steam with methane or carbon. In lab work from reaction of metals with acid solutions or electrolysis.
元素用途:Most hydrogen is used in the proction of ammonia. Also used in balloons and in metal refining. Also used as fuel in rockets. Its two heavier isotopes are: deuterium (D) and tritium (T) used respectively for nuclear fission and fusion.
U
元素符号:U #
中文名称:铀
英文名称:Uranium
原子序数:92
原子量:238.0
外围电子排布:5f3 6d1 7s2
核外电子排布:2,8,18,32,21,9,2
常见化合价:+2,+3,+4,+5,+6
密度:18.9
溶点:1132
沸点:3818
所属周期:7
所属族数:IIIB
原子半径:
离子半径:0.81(+6)
共价半径:
同位素及放射性:U-234(放 α) U-235(放 α) U-238(放 α)
发现人:Martin Klaproth
发现时间:17
发现地点:德国
名称由来:Named for the planet Uranus.
元素描述:Silvery-white, dense, ctile, malleable, radioactive metal.
元素来源:Occurs in many rocks, but in large amounts only in such minerals as pitchblende and carnotite.
元素用途:For many centuries it was used as a pigment for glass. Now it is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors and in bombs.
参考资料：http://rsh.nst.pku.e.cn/element/
