老师，我阅读理解方面不怎么好！有什么办法提高，平时150分的卷子能得110几，就是阅读和作文不好！
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-24 08:35
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热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 04:14
如果你的失分主要在阅读上的话，建议你扩大词汇量，就是多背背单词，短语。影响阅读得分的因素有很多，最普遍的原因就是词汇量匮乏，很多单词不认识，这里我要告诉你两方面，多背多记是一方面，但高考总会出现你从没见过的单词，这时根据上下文猜词义就是同样重要的一方面了。怎么猜呢？平时在做阅读时如果时间不紧，碰到不认识的单词先别忙着查字典，先猜猜看，再去查，看自己有没有猜对，这一方面可以培养做阅读的兴趣，另一方面确实也是一种能力。
猜测词义的技巧及例句
利用构词法知识猜测词义
利用单词的前、后缀猜测词义。
英语中不少单词通过加前、后缀，派生出新词，而且特定的“缀”表示特定的意思。因此，根据前、后缀的意义不难猜测词义。如：
I’ve been waiting for half an hour and I’mgetting impatient.
im- 前缀，表示“不、无、非”。impatient意思是“不耐烦了”。再如：
I’m old and I’m at a disadvantagecompared to the younger members of the team.
dis-构成反义，表示“相反”“否定”。这里的意思是“不利的”。
英语中常用的后缀有：
She has become very forgetful these days.
-ful后缀“充满”，构成形容词“健忘的”。
You must stop dreaming and face reality.
-ty后缀构成名词。这里是“现实”的意思。
利用合成词猜测词义。
英语中还有一些合成词，我们可以通过词的各个部分猜测其义。如：
The family lived upon a small income.
come in———income名词“收入”的意思。再如：
housekeeper管家，sunburnt 晒黑的，worn-out磨破的。
10. They overestimate theinterviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questions.
在overestimate词中over-是前缀，意为“过分”。因此overestimate的词义可以猜测为“过高估计”的意思。
根据上下文推测词义
定义法猜测词义。如：
The picture shows that the horizontal line 水平线are really parallel， that is to say， they are thesame distance apart like railway line.
从that is to say之后的同位语中，我们得知parallel的意思是“平行”。
Insects cannot walk or fly out of the webbecause the spider covers it all with a sort of stuff like glue, which sticks to anything that touches the web andholds it fast.
我们不难看出，which 引导的定语从句就是“glue”一词“胶”的解释。
反义法猜测词义。如：
Unlike her mother， who is a warm-hearted woman， Betty is apathetic toeveryone and everything.
这句话中，Unlike一词说明apathetic与warm-hearted意思相反，因此我们可以得知其意思应为“冷漠”。
The fish was fresh when I bought it in thesupermarket. As it has been out of the fridge too long， it is rancid.
由fresh“新鲜”一词，我们可以推测出，rancid与之意义相反，意为“*”“变质”。
情景法猜测词义。根据文章的句意或段落意思，即上下文的情景猜测词义。如：
Buildings that reach for the skies may beseen in most of the world’s largest cities today. Ever since the skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1883，more and more tall buildings have been constructedin more and more cities.
文中我们可以找到skyscraper的同义词组tall building。
Part of the problem is congestion. More than 45 percent of Japan’s 118 millionpeople live in the belt of Tokyo，Osaka and Nagoya大阪和名古屋，which forms 10 percent of the land area.
根据上下文的意思及文中所给的数据，我们可以看出congestion一词的意思为“拥挤”。
The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.
如不知道vampire的词义，从下文lives on blood(靠吸血而生存)则可得知其词义为吸血昆虫。
2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.
如不知道 spectacles的词义，从下文“戴上‘spectacles’后开始阅读”可以猜得其词义“眼镜”。
Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.
如不知道geometric forms的意思，可从文中所列举的三角形，正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为“几何图形”。
4.Today young couples who are just startingtheir households often spend lots of their money on appliances forinstance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.
如不知道appliances的意思，从文中的举例“washing-machines(洗衣机)，refrigerator(冰箱)，televisions(电视机)”可以猜得该词的意思为“家用电器”。
5. They will be on the night shift — from midnight to 6 a. m. — next week.
由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到“night shift”意思为“夜班”。
6. American businessmen expect employees tobe punctual. They do not expect that the workers will comelate.
文中be punctual的意思，可理解为“not come late”，即“准时，不迟到”。
7.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make newfriends.
根据文中“unlike...”的意思，可将gregarious理解为与文中“a shy person who does not like to go toparties, or to make new friends.”相反的意思，即：表示“好交际的”。
8. One of the predominant concernstoday is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importancebecause it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will notlast forever.
文中“predominant”的词义可猜测为具有与“of greatestimportance”相近的意思。
9. Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task. The job is so large, in fact, that thegovernment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have beenpolluted.
文中“enormous”的词义可猜测为与“so large”的意思相近。
11. We were told that our's was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay somuch for it.
Spacious是由词根space(空间)+ious(形容词后缀)构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为“有空间的，宽敞的”。
I＇m sorry I＇ve been monopolizing you. Your other dinner companion should havethe chance to talk to you, too.
根据第二个句子的意思, 可猜出monopolize之意为"独占"。
If I were a boy again, I would practise perseverance, and never give up a thing because it was hardor inconvenient.
根据and never give up a thing ...可猜测perseverance之意为"坚韧不拔" .
Pigeons have a natural instinct toreturn home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous.
根据后半句让步状语从句, 可猜测instinct为"本能"。
14,000 sanitation workers whocarry off, yearly, three million tons of refuse垃圾 and keep 7,500 miles ofstreets clean and free of snow.
从上下文可猜出sanitation workers为"环卫工人"。
Human beings are a unique species. They havelarger brains than any other beings. They have the gift of speech andcan communicate their thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
从上下文可猜出the gift of speech为“语言天赋”。
Our earth is very old. It holds many secretsabout life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground andbring out these secrets. They discover objects thousands of years old thatinform us about how people lived long ago.
不难猜出Archaeologists 为“考古学家” 。
The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family foryears. 状语部分的意思是“她离开家人好几年了”, 对于一个女孩子来说, “想家”的结果是必然的。所以, 我们通过状语从句所提供的信息可以推断出homesick的意思是“想家的”。
The teacher did not hear the knocking at thedoor because he was completely engrossed in hisreading.
以因果关系为线索, 可确定engrossed的意思为“被吸引”, “全神贯注”。
12.I am a resolute man. Once Iset up a goal, I won＇t give it upeasily.
通过第二句, 可推出resolute的意思是"坚定的"。
利用文中的举例猜测词义。
常见的举例的提示词有：for example, such as , forinstance 等。
There were disastrous fires insome cities, such as the great fire of London in 1666.
such as 列举出如1666年伦敦大火一类“灾难性”（即disastrous）的火灾。
The government promises to give millions ofdeprived 缺少食物的black the essentials in life --housing, ecation, health facilities, and job opportunities.
可猜出essentials是“必需品”。
利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语, 猜测词义。
1.The invention of snorkel, a long airtube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines潜艇 to use theirdiesel engine柴油机 even when they are submerged. 淹没在水中的
句中snorkel一词的意思, 可通过其同位语a long air tube that reaches up to thesurface来猜得。由此我们可以确定该词的意思为“通气管”。
2.Tom was a roamer, a wanderer whocould never stay in one place.
roamer是生词, 但wanderer是由我们所熟悉的wander变化而来的名词, 那可以推出的意思是“流浪汉”。
3.Nearby is the racecourse, where the town＇s most famouscar race is held each year on May 30th.
以where引导的定语从句为依据, course应是汽车赛举行的地点, 所以排除“过程”, “课程”, “航向”, 而要定义为“跑道”。
4.The type of meter 表仪表is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.
通过定语从句which is used to measure electricity（用来测量电的）, 我们可以将multimeter的词义确定为“万用表”。
To train the students to dece the meaningof unfamiliar words through contextual clues,namely, through the words before or after the words they may not know.
namely后面的内容解释说明了contextual clues为“情景线索”。
In sports, especially athletics,运动体育 success isoften prevented by psychological obstacles, that is,barriers that exist in the mind only.
that is后面的内容解释说明了psychological obstacles为“心理障碍”
然而，需要指出的是，除了专门猜测词义的题目,不要花费太多的时间去试图猜出所有生词确切的意思，因为有的生词只能猜出大概的意思，有的生词则根本无法猜出其意思。一般来说，碰到一、两个不会的词，无关紧要。重要的是，要弄懂整篇文章表达了什么思想。
热心网友
时间：2023-10-09 04:14
楼下的一看就是复制过来，没有诚意，我来给你打打字简单讲一下：阅读和作文不好的原因有二，一词汇量不够，二语感不好，那怎么来提高呢，首先要多背单词是王道，认识的单词多了自然就看懂了，然后要给自己顶一个计划，例如每天做一篇阅读，这样几个月后不信你没提高。我当年就是这样过来的，给你分享了~~~~
